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　　It's not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, 1 ,to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. 2 one and the others become distorted. Travel on a London bus and you'll 3 see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to 4 that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are 5 .How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.Why? Because the target is 6 .People complained that buses were late and infrequent. 7 , the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were 8 or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they 9 hit cyclists. If the target was changed to 10 ,you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more 11 drivers who obeyed traftic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.There is another 12 : people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you 13 that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a 14 is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now ballad as a two-hour flight. The 15 of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others. Everything Can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a 17 . Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences. This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria 18 critical factors such as time,money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to 19 just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better 20 the objective.

　　1. A. therefore 　　 B. however 　　 C. again 　　 D. moreover

　　2. A. Emphasize 　  B. Identify 　　  C. Assess       D. Explain

　　3. A. nearly     　　 B. curiously 　　 C. eagerly      D. quickly 

　　4. A.claim        　　B. prove             C. check         D. recall  

　　5. A. threatened      B. ignored          C. mocked      D. blamed

　　6. A. punctuality      B. hospitality      C. competition D. innovation

　　7. A. Yet                 B. So                 C. Besides       D. Still

　　8. A. hired              B. trained           C. rewarded     D. grouped

　　9. A. only 　　　 　 B. rather 　　　  C. Once 　　　 D. Also

　　10. A. comfort 　　  B. revenue　　    C. efficiency    D. security

　　11. A. friendly　　    B. quiet   　　   C. cautious       D. diligent

　　12. A. purpose         B. problem         C. prejudice     D. policy

　　13. A. interesting     B. revealed          C. abmitted     D. noticed

　　14. A. break 　　     B. trip    　　　  C. departure     D. transfer 

　　15. A. moral            B. background    C. style             D. form

　　16. A. interpret        B. criticize          C. sacrifice        D. tolerate

　　17. A. task               B. secret            C. product        D. cost

　　18. A. leading to       B. calling for       C.relating to     D. accounting for

　　19. A. specify 　　    B. predict  　　   C. restore         D. create

　　20. A. modify　　     B. review            C. present        D. achie

　　【参考答案】

　　1. however

　　【解析】考察逻辑关系。前面讲not difficult，后句讲hard，因此填转折。

　　2. emphasize【解析】考察词义辨析。通读整篇文章在讲重视某一个标准，其他标准就会被牺牲掉或受到影响，通过后面的“distort”这个词，可知此处填“emphasize”比较合理。

　　3. quickly【解析】考察词义辨析。通过句意可知，上了公交车，很快就能发现后面要说的现象。因此选quickly，其他单词均不合题意。

　　4. check【解析】考察词义辨析。通过句意可知，在说检察员查公交票，表示“检查”的只有check。

　　5. ignored

　　【解析】考察词义辨析。通过句意可知，公交车司机追求速度，所以对于“追公交车的人”会选择无视

　　6. punctuality

　　【解析】考察词义辨析。通过上下文可知，司机的目标是速度，因此只有“punctuality”准时符合题意。

　　7. so【解析】考察逻辑关系，前文说人们抱怨车太少或者频次不高，后文说增加了公交车数量和公交车道，判断出前后为因果关系，选so。

　　8. rewarded

　　【解析】考察词义辨析。此处可靠正反义进行选择，和punish的对立词为reward

　　9. also【解析】考察词义辨析。通过句意可知，公交车司机为了追求速度要准时，所以除了“hit target”达成目标，还“hit cyclist”撞了骑自行车的人。此处是“hit”的双关。

　　10. revenue【解析】考察词义辨析。通过后文可知，要增加检票员，定价等，可知此处目标应当是和钱有关系，和钱有关的只有“revenue”。

　　11. cautious【解析】考察词义辨析。当目标变成安全的时候，司机就会“谨慎”，选cautious。

　　12. problem【解析】考察词义辨析。通过上下文可知，前面在讲达成目标会出现的问题，后文接着说“另一个问题”。

　　13. noticed【解析】考察词义辨析。通过句意可知，是在机场会注意到的内容。

　　14. trip【解析】考察词义辨析。通过句意可知，晚出发1小时却还是能准点到，说明机场为了做到“准时”，改变了“旅途”要花的时间。

　　15. background【解析】考察词义辨析。此处想说这个故事背后的一个背景决定会发生这些人们想尽办法达到目标的事情。

　　16. sacrifice

　　【解析】考察词义辨析。全文都在说过分强调一个目标会牺牲其他目标。因此选一个和文章出现过的“distort”同义的词。

　　17. cost【解析】考察词义辨析。因为强调一个目标，就会牺牲其他的一些目标，因此达成一件事就会产生代价和成本，因此选cost。

　　18. relating to 【解析】考察词义辨析。通过句意可知，空前提到multiple criteria，空后提到多种因素，所以前后逻辑关系应该是顺承关系，选relating to，与......相关

　　19. specify【解析】考察词义辨析。通过句意可知，是要具体说出一个目标的维度。

　　20. achieve【解析】考察词义辨析。通过句意可知，和目标能构成搭配的只有“achieve”，表示达成目标。

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