2021考研真题答案及解析>>免费领直播课 | |||
公共课 | 政治 | 英语一 | 英语二 |
数学一 | 数学二 | 数学三 |
2021考研初试12月26~27日进行,2021考研初试情况(点击查看》》2021考研初试真题及答案解析专题),第一时间为考生提供考研真题答案及答案解析内容,同时新东方考研教师将为考生提供视频直播解析。直播入口|考研真题答案专区
It's not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, ___1___, to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. ___2____one and the others become distorted.
Travel on a London bus and you'll __3___ see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to ___4___ that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are __5___. How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.
Why? Because the target is __6__. People complained that buses were late and infrequent. __7___, the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were __8___ or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they __9___ hit cyclists. If the target was changed to __10___, you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more __11___ drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.
There is another ___12___: people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you __13__ that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a __14___ is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now ballad as a two-hour flight.
The ___15___ of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well __16___ others. Everything can be done faster and made cheaper,but there is a __17___. Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.
This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria __18___ critical factors such as time, money. quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to __19____ just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better ___20___ the objective.
1. A.therefore B.however C.again D.moreover
2. A.Emphasize B. Identify C. Assess D. Explain
3. A.nearly B. curious C. eagerly D. quickly
4. A. claim B. prove C. check D. recall
5.A. threatened B. ignored C. mocked D. blamed
6.A.punctuality B. hospitality C.competition D. innovation
7. A. Yes B. So C. Besides D. Still
8. A. hired B. trained C. rewarded D. grouped
9. A. only B. rather C. once D. also
10.A. comfort B. revenue C.efficiency D. security
11.A. friendlyB. quiet C. cautious D. diligent
12.A. purpose B. problem C. prejudice D. policy
13. A. reported B. revealed C. admitted D. noticed
14.A. breakB. trip C. departure D. transfer
15. A. moral B. background C. styleD. form
16.A. interpret B. criticize C. sacrificeD. tolerate
17.A. task B. secret C. product D. cost
18. A. leading to B. calling forC. relating to D.accounting for
19.A. specifyB. predictC. restoreD. create
20. A. modify B. review C. present D. achieve
【正确答案】1-5:BADCB 6-10:ABCDB 11-15:CBDBA 16-20:CDCAD
1. 【考点】语意关系+逻辑关系
【解析】该题是选择逻辑关系,根据空前的not difficult和空后的much harder to understand可知是相反的逻辑关系,因此应该选择转折类连接词however
2. 【考点】语意关系+逻辑关系
【解析】该题是句意选择题,根据句意可知,”大多数与工作相关的行为有多个组成部分。强调其中一个,其他的就会被扭曲。” 这里填“强调”是最合适的,emphasize强调,identify识别,assess评估,含义均不符合
3. 【考点】语意关系
【解析】该题也是句意选择题,根据句意可知“在伦敦的公交车上,你很快就会看到这是如何与司机一起工作的。”并且,前一句中说到了“大多数与工作相关的行为有多个组成部分。”那下面既然写出了公交车与司机,肯定是为了体现这种相关性,说明很快。nearly相近地,curious好奇的,eagerly热情的,均不符合
4. 【考点】语意关系
【解析】该题是句意选择题,在公交车上,检查员与付钱的关系肯定是“检查”的关系,该句句意为“是否有检查员检查人们是否已经付款?” claim谴责,prove证明,recall回忆,均不符合
5. 【考点】语意关系
【解析】该题是句意选择题,根据前面问句“那些跑着赶公交车的人呢?”联系实际可知是会被忽略的,且其他选项均不合适。threatened威胁,mocked嘲笑,blamed指责,含义均不符合
6. 【考点】语意关系
【解析】该题是句意选择题,根据后面一句“人们抱怨公共汽车晚点,而且班次稀少。”可知,前面要关注的主要问题是公交车是否“准时”的问题,hospitality好客,competition竞争 innovation创新,这些含义均不符合
7. 【考点】连接词辩词
【解析】该题为连接词选择题,可根据逻辑关系来破解。空后说的是“公共汽车和公共汽车专用道的数量增加了”,与空前的句子形成因果关系
8. 【考点】语意关系
【解析】该题是句意选择题,但可根据逻辑关系选出,空后面的连接词是or,说明与punished相反,hired雇佣,trained培训,这些含义均不符合
9. 【考点】逻辑关系
【解析】该题可根据空前的逻辑关系词but选出,前面的句子为“司机们达到了这些目标。”后面的句子为“但他们也撞了骑自行车的人。”一个hit却是两种用法
10. 【考点】语意关系
【解析】该题为句意选择题,但可根据逻辑关系选出。该剧为“如果目标改为收入,你将有更多的检查员和更敏感的定价。” comfort舒适,efficiency效率,security安全,含义均不符合
11. 【考点】语意关系
【解析】该题为句意选择题,根据后半句的内容“遵守交通法规”可知司机应当是谨慎小心的,friendly友好的,quiet安静的,diligent勤奋的,以上含义都不符合
12. 【考点】语意关系+细节判断
【解析】该题可以根据标点符号来进行选择,冒号后面是对前面内容的展开说明,冒号后面是一个问题,因此这里填problem,purpose目的,prejudice歧视,policy政策,以上含义均不合适
13. 【考点】语意关系
【解析】该题根据句意选择,该句为“你有没有注意到,你可以乘飞机晚一个小时起飞,但仍然准时到达?” reported报道,revealed透露,admitted承认,以上含义均不符合
14. 【考点】固定搭配
【解析】该题为固定搭配题,take a trip是“去旅行”的含义
15. 【考点】语意关系
【解析】该题为句意选择题,该句含义为“这个故事的寓意很简单。大多数工作都是多维的,有多个标准。”其他的选项均不合适,用排除法也可以进行选择。background背景,style风格,form形式,均不合适
16. 【考点】语意关系
【解析】该题为句意选择题,该句句意为“选择一个标准,你很可能牺牲其他标准。”根据“一个标准”和“其他标准”的对比,可以知道此处为“牺牲”,interpret翻译,criticize批评, tolerate容忍,都不对
17. 【考点】逻辑关系
【解析】该题可以根据逻辑关系选择,中间是but,是转折关系,前一句是“一切都可以做得更快更便宜”,转折后应该也是和金钱相关,因此是cost,task任务,secret秘密,product产品,都不符合
18. 【考点】语意关系
【解析】该题为句意选择题,但是可以根据前后内容的联系来进行判断,空前面是“多个标准”,空后面是“关键因素”,这两个信息是“有联系的”
19. 【考点】语意关系
【解析】该题是句意选择题,句意为“诀窍不只是指定一个或两个维度的目标”,根据后面的”one or two”可以知道是范围缩小,predict预测,restore恢复,create创造,均不符合
20. 【考点】语意关系
【解析】该题是句意选择题,句意为“也要懂得如何帮助人们更好地实现目标。” “目标”的搭配一般是“实现”,modify修改,review复习,present呈现,以上含义均不合适
新东方教师直播解析2021考研答案>>免费领直播课 | |||
专业课 | 管理类联考 | 西医综合 | 中医综合 |
法硕 | 法硕非法学 | 计算机 | |
教育学 | 历史学 | 心理学 | |
经济学 | 农学 | 二外日语 |
更多2021考研真题答案及考研动态请持续关注新东方网。