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　　We' re fairly good at judging people based on first impression, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to five-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive. In one study of the ability she dubbed "thin slicing," the late psychologist NaliniAmbady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor's overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly with students' end-of-semester ratings. Another set of participants had count backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips, occupying their conscious working memory. Their ratings were just as accurate, demonstrating the intuitive nature of the social processing.

　　Critically, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment, before giving the rating. Accuracy dropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures or utterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression. She found similar interference when participants watched 15- second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.

　　Other research shows we' re better at detecting deception an sexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection. “It' s as if you' re driving a stick shift,” says Judith Hall, a psychologist at Northeastern University, “and if you start thinking about it too much, you can' t remember what you' re doing. But if you go on automatic pilot, you' re fine. Much of our social life is like that.”

　　Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences. College students'ratings of strawberry jams and college course aligned better with experts' opinions when the students weren't asked to analyze their rationale. And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details, but only if the decision was complex- when they had a lot of information to process.

　　Intuition' s special powers are unleashed only in certain circumstances. In one study, participants completed a battery of eight tasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rule comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition an creativity (generating new products or figures of speech). Then the rated the degree to which they had used intuition ( “gut feelings,""hunches," "my heart" ). Use of their gut hurt their performance on the first four tasks, as expected, and helped them on the rest. Sometimes the heart is smarter than the head.

　　36. NaliniAmbaby' s study deals with

　　A.instructor student interaction

　　B.the power of people' s memory

　　C.the reliability of first impressions

　　D.People' s ability to influence others

　　37. In Ambaby’s study, rating accuracy dropped when participants .

　　A.gave the rating in limited time

　　B.focused on specific details

　　C.watched shorter video clips

　　D. discussed with on another

　　38. Judith Hall mentions driving to mention that .

　　A.memory can be selective

　　B.reflection can be distracting

　　C.social skills must be cultivated

　　D.deception is difficult to detect

　　39. When you are making complex decisions, it is advisable to .

　　A.follow your feelings

　　B. list your preferences

　　C. seek expert advice

　　D. collect enough data

　　40. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

　　A. Generating mew products takes time.

　　B. Intuition may affect reflective tasks.

　　C. Vocabulary comprehension needs creativity.

　　D. Objective thinking may boost intuitiveness.

　　【参考答案】CBBAB

　　36.【解题思路】本题为例证题，例子都是为了印证某种观点，根据题干中NaliniAmbaby定位至原文首段，确定其印证的观点为We' re fairly good at judging people based on first impression, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to five-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive.意思是“我们非常擅长根据第一印象，从一瞥照片到五分钟互动的一小段经验来评判人们，而这种评判不仅是无关紧要的，而且是先入为主的。”所以实验目的就是针对人的第一印象进行的，与选项C“the reliability of first impressions(第一印象的可信度)”表达一致。

　　【错误选项分析】

　　A. instructor student interaction(讲师学生互动)

　　B.the power of people' s memory(人们记忆的力量)

　　D.People' s ability to influence others(人们影响他人的能力)

　　三个选项原文均未提及。

　　37.【解题思路】本题为细节题，根据题干中rating accuracy dropped定位到Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures or utterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression. 意思是“Ambady怀疑，商议的重点是生动而误导的线索，例如某些手势或话语，而不是让细微信号的复杂相互作用形成整体印象。”与B选项“focused on specific details(关注特定细节)”表述一致。

　　【错误选项分析】

　　A.gave the rating in limited time(在限定时间内给予评分)，原文后句虽提到评分问题，但并未提及时间限制。

　　C.watched shorter video clips (观看较短的视频剪辑)原文并未提及视频。

　　D. discussed with on another(与另一人讨论)，原文并未提及与他人讨论

　　38. 【解题思路】本题为例证题，例子都是为了印证某种观点，根据题干Judith Hall定位到第三段第二句，答案出自例子之前的观点句Other research shows we' re better at detecting deception an sexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection. 意为“其他研究表明，当我们依靠直觉而不是反应时，我们更容易被欺骗。”与B选项“reflection can be distracting(反应可能是使人转移注意力)”表述一致。

　　【错误选项分析】

　　A.memory can be selective(记忆是有选择性的)，原文并未提及

　　C.social skills must be cultivated(社交技巧必须被培养)，原文中只提到了social processing，并非社交技巧。

　　D.deception is difficult to detect(欺骗难以辨别)，原文并未提及

　　39. 【解题思路】本题为细节题，根据题干making complex decisions定位原文第四段末句And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details, but only if the decision was complex- when they had a lot of information to process.意思是“当人们要求他们专注于自己的感受而不是细节时，人们做出的购车决策在客观上会更好，并且个人满意度会更高，但前提是该决策很复杂-当他们需要处理大量信息时。”与A选项“follow your feelings(跟随你的感受)”表述一致。

　　【错误选项分析】

　　B. list your preferences(列出您的偏好)

　　C. seek expert advice(征求专家意见)

　　D. collect enough data(收集足够的数据)

　　40. 【解题思路】本题属于推理题，但是英语二的推理题一般为细节型推理，可根据选项定位原文。根据最后一段Then the rated the degree to which they had used intuition ( “gut feelings,""hunches," "my heart" )可知，“然后评估他们使用直觉的程度(“直觉”，“预感”，“我的心”)”与B选项“Intuition may affect reflective tasks(直觉可能会影响反应性任务)”表达一致

　　【错误选项分析】

　　A. Generating new products takes time.(生成新产品需要时间)

　　C. Vocabulary comprehension needs creativity.(词汇理解需要创造力)

　　以上两个选项原文均未提及

　　D. Objective thinking may boost intuitiveness.(客观思考可以提高直观性)，原文中重点阐述的是直觉的作用，与客观思考相反

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