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Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2 in the wrong place often carries a high 3.
4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.
11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty--and realized the tester had 17 them.
Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity.
1. [A] on [B] like [C] for [D] from
2. [A] faith [B] concern [C] attention [D] interest
3. [A] benefit [B] debt [C] hope [D] price
4. [A] Therefore [B] Then [C] Instead [D] Again
5. [A]Until [B] Unless [C] Although [D] When
6. [A] selects [B] produces [C] applies [D] maintains
7. [A] consult [B] compete [C] connect [D] compare
8. [A] at [B] by [C]of [D]to
9. [A] context [B] mood [C] period [D] circle
10.[A] counterparts [B] substitutes [C] colleagues [D]supporters
11.[A] Funny [B] Lucky [C] Odd [D] Ironic
12.[A] monitor [B] protect [C] surprise [D] delight
13.[A] between [B] within [C] toward [D] over
14.[A] transferred [B] added [C] introduced [D] entrusted
15.[A] out [B] back [C] around [D] inside
16.[A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] remembered
17.[A] betrayed [B]wronged [C] fooled [D] mocked
18.[A] forced [B] willing [C] hesitant [D] entitled
19.[A] In contrast [B] As a result [C] On the whole [D] For instance
20.[A] inflexible [B] incapable [C] unreliable [D] unsuitable
1. 【答案】[C] for
【解析】本题考查考生根据上下文确定语法知识的能力。On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition ____ many worthwhile things (信任_____许多重要事情是一个必要条件))。[C] for选项(对...来说)符合语义：信任对许多重要事情来说是一个必要条件。[A] on(关于) [B] like(像)[D] from(来自)均不符合，故排除。
2. 【答案】[A] faith
【解析】本题考查考生根据上下文的逻辑关系和词义选择词汇的能力。第一段首句提出主题句：trust is a tricky business (信任是一个奇怪的东西)。后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明信任为何奇怪：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition ___ for many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. (一方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等)，这句话在说信任好的方面。On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high ____. (另一方面，把___放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大的___)，显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”，只有[A] faith(信任)与trust同义复现，故为正确答案。 [B] concern(担心)[C] attention(注意力)[D] interest兴趣均与上文无关，故排除。
3. 【答案】[D] price
【解析】本题考查考生根据上下文的逻辑关系和词义选择词汇的能力。On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high____. (另一方面，把___放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大的___)，根据逻辑词On the other hand，和贬义词“wrong place”，可判断本句承接上句信任的好处转而阐述信任的弊端，所以空格处应该填入感情色彩消极的词，[D] price(代价)符合这一点，且符合搭配，故为正确答案。[A] benefit(好处)感情色彩不符，[B] debt(债务)感情色彩虽然符合，但是搭配不符[C] hope(希望)感情色彩不符。
4. 【答案】[B] Then
【解析】本题考查考生根据上下文确定语言逻辑关系的能力。上段讲述的是信任的好处和弊端。第二段重点探讨信任的原因。“_____，我们为什么要信任?”四个选项[A] Therefore(因此)表示前面事情或行为的一种结果;[B] Then(那么)表示前面事情或行为的接续;[C] Instead(取而代之)表示对前面行为的替代或取代;[D] Again(再次)表示同种事情或行为的重复;只有[B] Then(那么)才符合与上文的逻辑关系，故为正确选项。
5. 【答案】[D] When
【解析】本题考查考生根据上下文确定语言逻辑关系的能力。空格所在句含义为：______人们信任一个人或一个组织机构，他们的大脑会释放催产素。四个选项[A]Until(直到)表动作延续到的时刻;[B] Unless(除非)表示事件不发生的条件;[C] Although(尽管)表示让步;[D] When(当…的时候)表示事件发生的条件，代入可知，只有[D] When(当)符合连贯，故为正确选项。
6. 【答案】[B] produces
【解析】本题考查考生根据上下文的逻辑关系和词义选择词汇的能力。a hormone that____pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct(这个荷尔蒙____愉悦的感觉并引发群体本能)四个选项[A] selects(选择)[B] produces(制造)[C] applies (应用)[D] maintains(维持)。其中[A] selects(选择)[C] applies (应用)搭配不符。根据and并列逻辑，可知选项应该与trigger近义，是个从无到有的过程，所以[D] maintains(维持)虽然符合搭配，但是不符合从无到有的逻辑，故选[B] produces(制造)。
7. 【答案】[C] connect
【解析】本题考查考生根据上下文的逻辑关系和词义选择词汇的能力。that prompts humans to____with one another(这种群体本能)促使人们彼此____。四个选项：[A] consult(咨询)[B] compete(竞争)[C] connect(联系)[D] compare(比较)。既然是群体本能，所以促使人们彼此联系更为妥当，故 [C] connect(联系)为正确选项。信任让人们彼此联系也更合常理。
8. 【答案】[D] to
【解析】本题考查考生的词汇搭配能力。exposure____ this hormone puts us in a trusting_____ 。exposure to是一种固定搭配，意为“暴露于、接触”。接触这种荷尔蒙会让我们处于一种信任的_____中。所以[D] to为正确选项。
9. 【答案】[B] mood
【解析】本题考查考生根据上下文的逻辑关系和词义选择词汇的能力。Exposure to this hormone puts us in a trusting _____ 。(接触这种荷尔蒙会让我们处于一种信任的_____中)。四个选项[A] context(语境)[B] mood(情绪)[C] period(时期)[D] circle(圆圈)。上文提及这种荷尔蒙会制造愉悦的情感pleasurable feelings，所以[B] mood(情绪)与此照应，故为正确选项。
10. 【答案】[A] counterparts
【解析】本题考查考生根据上下文的逻辑关系和词义选择词汇的能力。than were their ____ who inhaled something else(相较于吸入其他物质的_____)。四个选项：[A] counterparts(相对应者)[B] substitutes(替补)[C] colleagues(同事) [D]supporters(支持者)。这里描述受试者subjects的对照组的表现，所以正确答案为[A] counterparts(相对应者)，其余选项均不符合语义。
11. 【答案】[B] Lucky
【解析】本题考查考生根据上下文的逻辑关系和词义选择词汇的能力。____ for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty(我们也拥有对于欺骗的第六感，这对我们而言是____)根据逻辑词also可知，这句的感情色彩和上文一致，都是积极正向的。故排除 [C] Odd(古怪的) [D] Ironic(讽刺的)，而[A] Funny(有趣的)代入不符合搭配。我们也拥有对于欺骗的第六感，这对我们而言是幸运的，故答案为[B] Lucky(幸运的)。
12. 【答案】[B] protect
【解析】本题考查考生根据上下文的逻辑关系和词义选择词汇的能力。that may ___ us(对于欺骗的第六感可以___我们)。四个选项：[A] monitor(监视) [B] protect(保护) [C] surprise(使惊讶) [D] delight(使高兴)。因为根据上题的分析这里的动词应该具有积极正向的感情色彩，所以[B] protect(保护)为正确答案。
13. 【答案】[A] between
【解析】本题考查考生的词汇搭配能力。differentiate between A and B. 介词between表示在A和B之间作区分。children as young as 14 months can differentiate ____ a credible person and a dishonest one.(14个月大的孩子可以区分一个可信的人和一个不诚实的人)，故正确答案为[A] between。
14. 【答案】[C] introduced
【解析】本题考查考生根据上下文的逻辑关系和词义选择词汇的能力。四个选项：[A] transferred(转移) [B] added(增添) [C] introduced(使〔某人〕初次接触) [D] entrusted(委托)。Sixty toddlers were each______ to an adult tester holding a plastic container. 代入符合文意的只有(让60位学步期儿童各自初次接触一个手拿塑料桶的测试员)故[C] introduced(使〔某人〕初次接触)为正确选项。
15. 【答案】[D] inside
【解析】本题考查考生根据上下文的逻辑关系和词义选择词汇的能力。测试员先往容器里看，然后邀请受试者往里面看。look inside和looking into the container前后形成照应关系。故[D] inside(向里)为正确答案。
16. 【答案】[A] discovered
【解析】本题考查考生根据上下文的逻辑关系和词义选择词汇的能力。四个选项：[A] discovered(发现) [B] proved(证明) [C] insisted(坚持) [D] remembered(记得)。Half of them found a toy; the other half ____ the container was empty(一半人发现了一个玩具;另一半人___容器是空的)。根据分号表达的并列关系，所以空格应为found的同义词故[A] discovered(发现)为正确选项。
17. 【答案】[C] fooled
【解析】本题考查考生根据上下文的逻辑关系和词义选择词汇的能力。realized the tester had _____them意识到测试者_____他们。四个选项：[A] betrayed(背叛) [B]wronged(冤枉) [C] fooled(愚弄) [D] mocked (嘲笑)。根据本段主旨词dishonesty以及下文的同义词trick可知，测试者愚弄了这些孩子，故正确答案为[C] fooled(愚弄)。
18. 【答案】[B] willing
【解析】 本题考查考生根据上下文的逻辑关系和词义选择词汇的能力。Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were_____to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.(在没有被愚弄的孩子里面，大多数的孩子在习得一种新技能的时候与测试者____合作，他们表现出他们信任测试者的领导)四个选项：[A] forced(被迫) [B] willing(乐意) [C] hesitant(犹豫) [D] entitled(有权)，只有[B] willing(乐意)代入符合文意，故为正确选项。
19. 【答案】[A] In contrast
【解析】本题考查考生根据上下文确定语言逻辑关系的能力。四个选项：[A] In contrast(表示与前文形成对比) [B] As a result(表示是前文的结果) [C] On the whole(表示对前文的总结) [D] For instance(表示是对前文的举例)。空格所在句的only和上文的the majority of形成鲜明的对比关系，所以[A] In contrast为正确选项。这也体现了对比试验的结果。
20. 【答案】[C] unreliable
【解析】本题考查考生根据上下文的逻辑关系和词义选择词汇的能力。In contrast, only five of the 30 children paired with the “____” tester participated in a follow-up activity.(相反，在接下来的活动中30个孩子中只有5个孩子“___”测试者能合作)。四个选项： [A] inflexible(不灵活的) [B] incapable(无能的) [C] unreliable(不可靠的) [D] unsuitable(不合适的)。根据上下文语义连贯的要求，这个测试者就是上段主旨句提到的a dishonest one ，所以选择dishonest的近义词unreliable，故[C] unreliable(不可靠的)为正确选项。
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