2024年全国硕士研究生考试在即，新东方考研网为大家梳理了考前各板块知识复习重点，大家在考前可重点预热，按照考前知识点预测进行系统复习，重点突破。
考前预测板块包括Use of English, Reading Comprehension等等。

　　Section I Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Making perfume is an art that can be traced back to ancient Greece. But now modern-day perfumiers are beginning to look___1___ their noses to develop the scents most likely to appeal to us. They are, ___2___, turning to AI. Perfumes can now be designed to ___3__emotional responses using ingredients known as neuroscents—odors shown by biometric measures to ___4___ different great feelings such as calm, euphoria or sleepiness. Hugo Ferreira, a researcher at the Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering in Lisbon, is ___5___ brain activity and response to perfumes to build a database of neuroscents. He says the ____6___ of smell is fascinating. “With sight and hearing, you can imagine the face of a loved one or favourite ___7___. It’s ___8___ to imagine a smell even though it can ___9____ a torrent of emotions and memories.” Ferreira says this is due to the ___10___of the olfactory system. Messages from scent receptors are sent __11___ the olfactory bulb to different brain areas that ___12___ everything from memory or thirst to stress reactions. “Olfaction is the most ___13___ sense with many different receptors. It’s estimated that there are about 400 different olfactory receptor gene families. Among other things these various connections may ___14___ how we can ‘smell fear’, or the smell of ___15___.”

　　Many beauty brands have invested in neuroscent research and technology, ___16__the possibilities of creating fragrances proven to make consumers feel good are obviously big. L’Oréal has __17__ with neurotechnology company Emotiv to create a scent choice “experience”. For Ferreira, the magic comes from the very ___18___ of scent. “We are all familiar with the use of fragrances in cosmetics and aromatherapy which ___19___impacts our sense of self, but these applications could be just ___20___ the surface of odorant molecules’ therapeutic benefits. How scent can be modulated for health or other purposes is a study for several lifetimes.”

1. [A] forward	[B] after	[C] beyond	[D] over
2. [A] likewise	[B] besides	[C] furthermore	[D] instead
3. [A] trigger	[B] change	[C] restrict	[D] modify
4. [A] accumulate	[B] arouse	[C] affect	[D] accept
5. [A] imaging	[B] mapping	[C] exposing	[D] applying
6. [A] sense	[B] memory	[C] message	[D] design
7. [A] show	[B] view	[C] tune	[D] taste
8. [A] pleasant	[B] hard	[C] easy	[D] normal
9. [A] provoke	[B] emit	[C] eliminate	[D] decline
10. [A] development	[B] perspective	[C] experiment	[D] structure
11. [A] on	[B] via	[C] along	[D] with
12. [A] benefit	[B] control	[C] decide	[D] raise
13. [A] formal	[B] simple	[C] diverse	[D] original
14. [A] alter	[B] record	[C] summarize	[D] explain
15. [A] victory	[B] anxiety	[C] condition	[D] action
16. [A] yet	[B] if	[C] as	[D] until
17. [A] partnered	[B] compared	[C] dealt	[D] come
18. [A] use	[B] nature	[C] secret	[D] sign
19. [A] initially	[B] solely	[C] positively	[D] regularly
20. [A] scratching	[B] removing	[C] reaching	[D] depicting

 

　　Section II Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

　　Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

　　Text 1

Last month, the Supreme Court reaffirmed that universities could use race in making admissions decisions. Justice Anthony M. Kennedy wrote that “student body diversity” at the modern university was “central to its identity and educational mission.” He’s right. But it’s also fair to question how well universities are fulfilling this mission, especially in light of the protests that swept U.S. campuses last year. Over the past 30 years, universities have become vastly more diverse. But students of color continue to denounce them as insensitive, inhospitable and hostile to nonwhites. What can we do about that? Most university administrations have responded to the diversity challenge in a predictable way: by hiring administrators. More than 100 institutions now employ “chief diversity officers”. Hundreds of schools offer diversity training and other programming, aimed at changing the overall racial climate on campus. But there’s no strong evidence that these costly efforts have changed anything. Examining nearly 200 studies of diversity training in the corporate and educational world conducted over the past 40 years, psychologist Katerina Bezrukova found no indication that they affected participants’ racial attitudes over the long term.

　　But research did find that students who lived with a member of another race showed significant gains in the comfort levels they exhibited around different groups. They were also more likely to make friends with people outside their own race.

　　Unfortunately, more colleges are allowing freshmen to choose their own roommates. And, unsurprisingly, almost everyone who does that selects someone of the same race. Many schools are also offering single rooms to freshmen, who happily seize the opportunity to avoid the “hassle” of living with someone else.

　　So, instead of expending yet more resources on multicultural programming, let’s generate multicultural roommate pairings. All freshmen roommates should be randomly assigned. And we should bar or discourage freshmen from taking single rooms.

　　A study of Ohio State University freshmen found that African American students earned better grades if they had a white roommate than if they had a black one. As one black student suggested, blacks who lived with whites might be motivated to work harder to avoid confirming negative stereotypes about minority academic performance.

Meanwhile, single rooms decrease the odds of students getting to know people different from themselves. They might do so on the Internet, of course, but only in a superficial way that allows either party to disappear whenever he or she feels like it. Living with someone forces you to engage in the messy, unpredictable work of interactions that students call FTF (face to face) or IRL (in real life).

　　21. According to the first two paragraphs, American universities were_________.

　　[A] expected to have diverse student societies

　　[B] expected to enroll racially diverse students

　　[C] charged with racial discrimination

　　[D] criticized for becoming less diverse

　　22. The author’s attitude towards the employment of diversity officers is of _________.

　　[A] disappointed

　　[B] relieved

　　[C] permissive

　　[D] scornful

　　23. The author suggests that universities should___________.

　　[A] have more investments in multicultural programming

　　[B] stop all the students from living in single rooms

　　[C] assign freshmen roommates of equal number of races

　　[D] forbid freshmen to choose their own roommates

　　24. When living with white roommates, black students would__________.

　　[A] improve their academic performance

　　[B] be more diligent than white students

　　[C] be likely to make more friends

　　[D] be against racial stereotypes

　　25. According to the text, one disadvantage of single rooms is that students________.

　　[A] cannot make friends with people of other races

　　[B] will depend on making friends on the Internet

　　[C] have fewer chances to make friends of other colors

　　[D] are forced to have messy interactions with others

　　Text 2

　　The phrase “Factory Asia” describes one of history’s most impressive economic achievements. Over the past half-century Japan, South Korea, and China became bustling hubs for manufacturing goods, which they then exported to the rest of the world. Millions of Asians escaped poverty by making stuff; many grew prosperous. Now the region’s economic model is shifting again, with influences for Asia and for the world.

　　Over the past decade Asian firms have been enthusiastic investors in their own neighborhood. Foreign direct investment into Asia by other Asians has grown almost twice as quickly as that by Western investors. Much of it has come from rich and ageing Japan and South Korea, as well as from China, and has gone to poorer, younger places. As a result, in 2021 Asians owned 59% of the stock of foreign direct investment in Asia up from 48% in 2010. The West’s share, meanwhile, has fallen.

Asian integration is likely to deepen. Newish trade agreements such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership have removed some barriers to commerce. More important, Asia’s rising consumers should accelerate integration. For now a large share of intra-Asian trade is in intermediate inputs, used to produce finished goods, rather than consumer items. But over the next five years, the IMF predicts, emerging and developing Asian economies are likely to grow by 4.5% a year, three times as quickly as advanced countries. The economic implications are exciting. Today the disparities in income across Asia are vast, with GDP per person ranging from $8,000 in India to $49,000 in Japan, adjusting for purchasing power. Just as integration with the Eu helped incomes in eastern Europe catch up with those in the west, so too integration in Asia should lift incomes in the south and south-east. The savings of richer, ageing Asian countries are being put to good use in poorer and younger ones, where they are helping to spread prosperity while generating healthy returns for investors. Increased trade should reduce prices for consumers, and more investment should bring down the cost of capital. What is the political influences? Unlike in Europe, deeper economic ties in Asia do not herald political integration. The European project was propelled by a desire to avoid another continental war; in Asia today there is no similar impetus. Asian countries are fiercely independent, and their political systems are too varied. Even though America’s relative economic weight is diminishing in Asia, it can still wield influence through its partners. As Asian countries grow richer together, America should remember that it, too, is a Pacific nation, and should resist the temptation to turn inward. 26. Which of the following is true in Paragraph1 and 2?

　　[A] Asia has millions of factories.

　　[B] Many Asians have lifted themselves out of poverty through manufacturing.

[C] In the past ten years, Asian firms have invested western countries. [D] Much of the investment has been from western countries to Asian countries.

　　27. Asian integration is likely to deepen probably because______.

[A] the new trade agreement eliminated some trade obstacles

　　[B] emerging and developing Asian economies are likely to grow by 4.5% a year

[C] countries are more politically connected [D] increased trade should reduce prices for consumers

　　28. What is the political influences of Asian Integration？

　　[A] It has aroused political integration.

　　[B] It was stimulated by a desire to avoid another continental war.

　　[C] Their prospects are uncertain.

　　[D] They still have different political systems.

　　29. The word “wield” (Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to_______.

　　[A] neglect

　　[B] rate

　　[C] exert

　　[D] avoid

　　30. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?

　　[A] Asian Integration: Investing in the Neighborhood

　　[B] Asian Integration: Threat to the Neighborhood

　　[C] The Political Consequences of Asian Neighborhood

　　[D] Asian Neighborhood Needs Investment from America

　　Text 3

The English language has many evocative terms for those seen as workshy. British politicians have made hearty use of them when debating economic inactivity. Economists, however, used to point out that Britain had a good record on this score. For two decades until 2019 its inactivity rate (the share of people of working age who are neither working nor looking for a job) was among the lowest of any rich country. Then something went wrong. Pandemic lockdowns affected economic activity everywhere. But whereas other economies bounced back—since 2020 the inactivity rate has fallen, on average, by 0.4 percentage points across the OECD, a club of rich countries—in Britain, uniquely, it continues to climb, and is up by 0.5 points. What’s going on?

　　The primary cause is in the welfare system. The previous Labour government, and Conservative-led ones since 2010, gradually made it harder for claimants to get incapacity benefits. That helped guard against fraud and kept rates of economic inactivity low. But some people with real needs were wrongly denied benefits. In 2019, after several high-profile cases of people being declared fit for work and then dying, the government reversed course and made it much easier to obtain benefits. Over 80% of the claims lodged in the fiscal year 2019-20 were successful, up from just 35% in the decade before.

Meanwhile, perverse incentives have been added. The old system did a fair job of nudging those who were temporarily incapacitated back into work as soon as they were better. The new one has sharply raised the relative rewards of claiming to be permanently incapacitated. Those who are deemed unable ever to return to employment now get twice as much as those expected to go back to work one day. This gives people a strong incentive to exaggerate their ailments, and never look for a job again. Policymakers should find ways to tighten up. While taking care not to punish the truly ill, they should encourage those who can go back to work, even part-time. This means bumping up benefits to the temporarily incapacitated, and regularly reassessing recipients to see if their health has improved, which rarely happens today. Politicians are no doubt unwilling to reopen the welfare debate as an election looms. But ignoring it comes with a large and growing cost. Correcting the safety-net sensibly is their job. They must not evade it.

　　31. According to economists, in terms of inactivity rate, Britain_________.

　　[A] did something incorrect

　　[B] performed quite well

　　[C] bounced back relatively slow

　　[D] was affected everywhere

　　32. Britain maintained their low rates of economic inactivity with the help of______.

　　[A] generous benefits of claimants

　　[B] the bias against fraud

　　[C] several high-profile cases

　　[D] the difficulty in getting incapacity allowance

　　33. How does the author feel about the old welfare system?

　　[A] Cautious.

　　[B] Positive.

　　[C] Pessimistic.

　　[D] Critical.

　　34. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?

　　[A] Policymakers should take actions to deal with the issue.

　　[B] Part-timers should be encouraged by more financial incentives.

　　[C] The recipients of the benefits are usually in poor health.

　　[D] The benefits should be increased for all recipients.

　　35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　[A] How to correct British safety-net sensibly?

　　[B] British welfare system stimulates employment.

　　[C] Why are so many Britons not working?

　　[D] Britons have mixed views about economic inactivity.

　　Text 4

　　It might surprise you to know that the River Thames is considered one of the world’s cleanest rivers running through a city. What’s even more surprising is that it reached that status just 60 years after being declared “biologically dead” by scientists at London’s Natural History Museum. Yet, there’s no room for complacency—the Thames still faces new and increasing threats from pollution, plastic and a rising population.

The Thames runs 229 miles from Kemble in Gloucestershire to Southend-on-sea in Essex, where it flows into the North Sea. The river became a storage for waste, with dumped rubbish reducing many of its tributaries to running sewers. Many of these small rivers now lie underneath the streets of London, long covered up to hide their foul smells: the Fleet, which runs from Hampstead and enters the Thames at Blackfrairs, is probably the best known. The final straw was the hot summer of 1858—referred to as the Great Stink—when the high levels of human and industrial waste in the river actually drove people out of London. The civil engineer Sir Jeseph Bazelgette was commissioned to build a sewage network to alleviate the problem, which is still in use today. What followed was over a century of improvements to the network, including upgrading sewage treatment works and installing household toilets linked to the system. With considerable effort from policymakers, the river’s fate began to change. From 1976, all sewage entering the Thames was treated, and legislation between 1961 and 1995 helped to raise water quality standards. The privatisation of water companies under Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher also saw the establishment of the protective National Rivers Authority in 1989, as well as the introduction of biotic monitoring. On the surface, this recovery is remarkable. But there remain deeper, unresolved issues relating to contaminated sediments still entering the river. Although the recession of the 1990s saw the loss of many industries that had been pumping waste into the Thames, water pollution levels haven’t significantly fallen since. Heavy metals, for instance, can remain attached for many decades to clay particles in riverbeds, harming or killing organisms that consume them. Both sewage and surface water drains across greater London are overstretched by a system originally designed for fewer than five million people but now used by over ten million. Currently, a new 25 km “super sewer” is being constructed under London to handle this increased load. Although it’s expected to be completed by 2025, it won’t be enough on this own. More investment is also needed in new drainage infrastructure across the city to avoid damage from increasingly frequent storm surges and overflows if we want to avoid harming the hard-earned health of London’s iconic river.

　　36. It is suggested in Paragraph 1 that the Thames________.

　　[A] offers surprise and content

　　[B] has been biologically dead for 60 years

　　[C] is one of the world’s cleanest rivers

[D] made an extraordinary recovery 37. The author mentions the Fleet in Paragraph 2 to illustrate __________.

　　[A] the Thames became running sewers

　　[B] many small rivers have long been filled up

　　[C] the Thames is confronted with dumped rubbish

[D] many nasty tributaries run underneath London 38.The phrase “The final straw” (Line1, Para.3) is closest in meaning to________.

　　[A] the unbearable hit

　　[B] the great change

　　[C] the dramatic surprise

　　[D] the inaccessible target

　　39. What does the author say about the deeper and remaining problems of the Thames?

　　[A] Its sewage drains cannot sustain the additional population.

　　[B] Heavy metals polluted its riverbeds.

　　[C] They are partly related to the privatisation of water companies.

[D] It is short of investment in new drainage infrastructure.

　　40. What is the author’s attitude towards the effect of the new 25 km “super sewer”?

　　[A] doubtful 　

　　[B] enthusiastic　

　　[C] confident

　　[D] puzzled

　　Part B

　　Directions:

For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs B and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) [A] This, the bureaucrat added, gave utmost importance to the Democracy Index as it affected the reputation of India. Concerns have been raised as recently as February that these rankings should not be ignored as mere opinions, he said, as they could affect international business in India if the country is seen as a politically risky place to invest. [B] Modi is currently on a state visit to the US to hold talks with President Joe Biden and speak to Congress. According to the minutes, senior Indian officials have held at least four meetings since 2021 to discuss why the global Democracy Index, prepared by the Economic Intelligence Unit, has for the past three years downgraded the world’s most populous country to a “flawed democracy”.

　　[C] The Indian government has been secretly working to keep its reputation as the “world’s largest democracy” alive after being called out by researchers for serious democratic backsliding under Narendra Modi , according to internal reports seen by the Guardian.

　　[D] Other rankings have also raised concerns. In 2021, the US-based not-for-profit Freedom House downgraded India’s status from a free democracy to a “partially free democracy”. Meanwhile, the V-Dem Institute, based in Sweden, classifies India as an “electoral autocracy”.

[E] Despite publicly dismissing several global rankings that suggest the country is on a dangerous downward trajectory, officials from government ministries have been quietly assigned to monitor India’s performance, minutes from meetings show. [F] But there was pushback from some parts of the government. In the meetings, the home ministry, in particular, led by Amit Shah, Modi’s close ally and a hardline Hindu nationalist, was mentioned as not fully cooperative, despite being at the centre of the issue, which has largely focused on minority rights. [G] In public, the Indian government has dismissed these rankings, arguing that Delhi does not “need sermons”, according to the foreign affairs minister, S Jaishankar. He accused the organisations of hypocrisy and called them “self-appointed custodians of the world who find it very difficult to stomach that somebody in India is not looking for their approval”. Nevertheless, behind closed doors, the response has been less self-assured and more panicked. In one meeting to assess the rankings, a senior official said: “[The] prime minister was giving more importance to the Democracy Index and was keen to get improved rankings since India is the largest democratic country in the world.”

　　41. 42. B 43. G 44. 45.

　　Part C

　　Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) “THE FIRST thing we do, let’s kill all the lawyers,” is one of Shakespeare’s most memorable lines. You would struggle to find such a line in the writings of lawyers themselves—and not just because they would, presumably, disagree. (46) Though some judges are sophisticated stylists, most legal language is fussy, tangled and incapable of producing anything so transparent. (This is no doubt one reason so many people want to kill all the lawyers.) But do lawyers write that way to impress, to bewilder—or perhaps because they must? In a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Eric Martínez and his colleagues from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Edinburgh tried to find out. (47) Contracts written in legal language, as well as simplified versions conveying identical concepts, were shown to American lawyers and laypeople. It turns out that lawyers struggle with, and dislike, legal language almost as much as their clients. Legal language is heavy on “center-embedding”, sentences in which related words are separated by a long insertion, as in “It is understood by artist and company that comprehensive liability insurance, protecting against any claim or demand up to $300,000, including attorney’s fees, related to company’s actions under this venue agreement, shall be purchased and maintained throughout the agreement by company.” This puts a heavy strain on the brain’s working memory. (48) The word “insurance” must be held in the mind while some 20 other words go by before its attendant verb phrase “shall be purchased” arrives. A skeptical idea was the “it’s just business” hypothesis. This holds that lawyers are intentionally opaque so as to gull clients into paying more for their supposed expertise. (49) But that did not fit the data either, for the lawyers believed their clients would be more likely to sign the simplified contracts than the standard ones. Perhaps legal language is a form of “in­group signaling”—behavior used to signal belonging to a group, such as religious diagram or flag-waving at sports events, and aimed at fellow lawyers rather than clients? (50) But the lawyers in the test group said they would be more likely to hire the writers of the simplified contracts than the authors of the traditional official documents.

　　Section Ⅲ Writing

　　Part A

　　51. Directions:

Suppose that you are the manager of a domestic communication company. Now write a letter to Mr. Snow, a foreign client, to introduce and recommend your latest 5G communication network.

　　Do not sign your own name.

　　Use Li Ming instead. (10 points)

　　Part B

　　52. Directions:

　　Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should

　　1) describe the drawing briefly,

　　2) interpret the meaning, and

　　3) give your comments.

　　You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

　　全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

　　Section I Use of English

　　【必备词汇】

　　[1] perfume n. 香水

　　[2] neuroscent n. 神经性气味

[3] biometric adj. 生物统计的

　　[4] fascinating adj. 迷人的，有吸引力的

　　[5] olfactory adj. 嗅觉的

　　[6] cosmetics n. 化妆品

　　[7] aromatherapy n. 芳香疗法

　　[8] odorant adj. 气味的

　　[9] molecule n. 分子

　　1.答案：C

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是动词短语辨析。本题目设置在首段第二句，根据句中的转折词but可知，做香水这一事件存在时间先后对比。同时，通过句意可知制香由来已久，但是为了制出大众最为青睐的香味，现代制香师开始 _______鼻子。此题look beyond为动词短语，意为“不仅仅考虑”，选择C选项。该动词短语的选择可以和本段句②句意相印证。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】look forward意为“期待”。该短语最为大家熟知，且后方出现了to，所以有一定的干扰性，但此处to不是介词，故语法上不成立。另外，对立逻辑和句意无法支撑后半句意为“制香师开始期待鼻子来制出最吸引大众的香味”。因此选项A可排除。

　　【B选项】look after意为“照顾”。该选项与A选项判断思路一致，后半句填入look after后，前后句没有本质性的转折差别，均表示“制香由来已久，制香师依靠鼻子来制作香水”。因此选项B可排除。

　　【D选项】look over意为“检查”。虽然该选项与正确选项beyond在部分情况中意思等同，即“超越，除了”等，但在短语搭配使用上，二者意思不同，故D排除。

　　2.答案：D

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是对立逻辑。本题目备选项全部为副词，表达逻辑主要包括：并列、递进和对立。本句主干意思为“他们（制香师）转向AI技术”，其中动词短语turn to能体现出改变，在逻辑上选择转折对立为最佳，并且句①已经给出了线索提示，故选择D选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】likewise意为“同样地，也”。该副词用法等同于similarly，即所述两者在讨论的信息内容和结论上是相同的，很显然两句话并没有实现这一点。因此选项A可排除。

　　【B选项】besides此处为副词用法，意为“此外，再说”。该选项表示递进逻辑，可以体现强调。因此选项B可排除。

　　【C选项】 furthermore意为“加之”。该选项与B选项均为递进逻辑，判断思路一致。furthermore相较于besides有些微不同，前者表示增加新观点新信息，后者偏向强调。但二者都无法支撑这两句话的句间逻辑。这两句话逻辑一致，演绎和表意也一致。故C排除。

　　3.答案：A

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是动词辨析。本题目承接第一段，从新型香水入手进行总述，告诉读者香水原料中的神经气味与人类生理反应之间的关系。后文围绕首句进行信息下沉的演绎，提到了研究人员建立神经气味数据库。通过后文第二句至第五句的描述可知，香水可以促进情感反馈，选择A选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【B选项】change意为“改变”。通过后文可以判断，人类会对气味作出反应，但气味不会改变人类情感反馈。因此选项B可排除。

【C选项】restrict意为“限制”。该选项单词为负向词，后文无法找到相应的负向表达支撑。因此选项C可排除。

　　【D选项】modify意为“优化，改进”。modify的意思等同于make it better，判断依据与选项A类似，故D排除。

　　4.答案：B

　　【重点思路】

根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是动词辨析。通过破折号连接，odors作neuroscents的同位语可知，前后在表意和逻辑上保持一致，第3题选择trigger表促进，因此第4题应当与trigger同理，均表示“激起”。且emotional responses对应feelings，great表示正向修饰，arouse搭配表意合理，故选择B选项。需要注意的是，本段末尾出现provoke一词，即是对第3题和第4题的呼应。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】accumulate意为“积累”。积累良好的感受，动宾搭配不合理。因此选项A可排除。

【C选项】affect意为“影响”。影响良好的感受，搭配合理，但不符合trigger的判断思路。因此选项C可排除。

　　【D选项】accept意为“接收”。该选项选填进去后，意思是生物气味可以接收良好的感受。动宾颠倒，故D排除。

　　5. 答案：B

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是动词辨析。此处前方出现助动词is，后方需要填出实义动词-ing形态补全内容。根据上文可知，气味与人类的情感反馈有关，本句需要填入及物动词，体现出研究人员针对此关系进行研究探索。故mapping正确，需要注意map作动词的熟词僻意，即“了解信息”，此题选择B选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】imaging意为“想象”。该选项填入后与整句话的意思不相符，因为气味与反应有联系上文已经提及，是客观存在。因此选项A可排除。

　　【C选项】exposing意为“暴露，接触”。该选项可以在语法层面上与后方介词to形成搭配，但句意上就会变成将大脑活动和反应显露在香水前，显然句意不通。因此选项C可排除。

　　【D选项】applying意为“应用”。语法层面上该选项可以和后方的to形成搭配，但依然是句意不通，故D排除。

　　6.答案：A

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是名词辨析。这句话为主系表结构，表语fascinating表示“迷人的”，即对气味的_______是迷人的。通过前文可知，Hugo Ferreira通过研究气味和情感反馈的关系来建立数据库。后文提到imagine a smell想象气味，故A of B结构中的A应当需要填入感知一类的词语，故选择A选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【B选项】memory意为“记忆”。文章并没有提及如何记住气味。因此选项B可排除。

　　【C选项】message意为“信息”。气味的信息，搭配合理，但前后文在讨论气味与情感反馈的关系。因此选项C可排除。

　　【D选项】design意为“设计，构思”。对气味的构思设计，表意不符。故选项D排除。

　　7. 答案：C

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是名词辨析和并列逻辑。前方提到With sight and hearing，即视觉与听觉，后方通过or的并列连接，将the face of a loved one与sight相对应。而本题需要就hearing作出选择，备选项中只有tune有“歌曲”之意，因此选择C选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】show意为“演出”。演出无法唯一对应hearing。因此选项A可排除。

　　【B选项】view意为“景色”。该选项单词表示视觉。因此选项B可排除。

　　【D选项】taste意为“味道”。该单词表示味觉，故选项D排除。

　　8. 答案：B

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是形容词辨析与对立逻辑。空格所在句存在逻辑连词even though，表示句内前后意思相反。even though后面 it can ___9____ a torrent of emotions and memories.意为“它能______情感和记忆的洪流”，can表明后半句为正向含义，由此可知，even though前应该是负向含义。所以，It’s ___8___ to imagine a smell空格处应填入感情色彩为负向的形容词，B选项hard（困难的）符合句意。提示：第8题应当和第9题联合解题。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】pleasant意为“开心的”。句意和对立逻辑不成立。因此选项A可排除。

　　【C选项】easy意为“容易”。该选项与A选项道理类似，因此选项C可排除。

　　【D选项】normal意为“普通”。该选项选填进去后，意为“想象出气味是普遍的事”，句意和对立逻辑不成立，故选项D排除。

　　9. 答案：A

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是逻辑词辨析与对立逻辑。本题目承接第8题，由第8空可知气味很难被想象出来，空格处与even though前面句意相反，结合can（能，可以），由此可知，第9题应指的是“气味可以唤起情感和回忆”，故本题选择A选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【B选项】emit意为“散发”，代入空格处，气味可以散发，但是无法与“情感和回忆”搭配，排除。

　　【C选项】eliminate意为“排除；清除”，代入空格处，不符合句内转折逻辑，排除。

　　【D选项】decline意为“下降”，代入后不合句意，排除。

　　10. 答案：D

　　【重点思路】

根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是名词辨析。本句承接上一段，通过due to可知形成因果逻辑，即解释为何气味无法具象化的原因。本题解题有两个思路：①A of B结构中，部分情况下可通过挖空剩余的部分来得出正确答案，如2014年英语（一）第9空Thinking is essentially a ___9___ of making connections in the brain.of后的意思是在大脑中建立联系，故可以提炼出process（过程）这一正确答案。此处后方出现system，故可以推导出structure；②后文出现Messages from scent receptors are sent…to different brain areas…everything from memory or thirst to stress reactions等信息，可知气味传递是复杂的，有严格的一套程序/结构，故能推出structure，本题选D。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】development意为“发展，出现”。嗅觉系统本来就存在，无需发展。因此选项A可排除。

　　【B选项】perspective意为“方面”。句意不符，排除B选项。

　　【C选项】experiment意为“实验”。本句前后没有提及进行实验，均是对客观事实的描述和论证。故选项C排除。

　　11. 答案：B

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是介词辨析。本题纯粹考查via...to的搭配和意思，需要理解出“通过，经由”才能正确解题。本题选择B选项。整句的意思是：气味受体中的信息经由嗅球传递至不同的大脑区域。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】on意为“在……上，在……方面”。排除A选项。

　　【C选项】along意为“沿着”。该选项是错选几率比较的一个。需要关注的是，the olfactory bulb意为“嗅球”，是一个整体概念的表达，搭配“沿着”不合理。因此选项C可排除。

　　【D选项】with意为“和，连同”，选项D排除。

　　12. 答案：B

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是动词辨析和定语从句。这句话后接that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词brain areas。即，大脑区域可以_______从记忆或口渴到压力反应在内的所有事物。因此可知，所填动词与本篇讨论的气味和嗅觉没有关系，且根据常识可知大脑是人体的控制中心。所以，动词应当体现出“控制，掌管”的意思，选择B选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】benefit意为“惠及”。该词为正向色彩，但前后文并没有这方面的线索。因此选项A可排除。

　　【C选项】decide 意为“决定”。大脑能决定所有事情，这个表达在中文语境中是合理的，但是在英文语境中decide的解释为If you decide to do something, you choose to do it, usually after you have thought carefully about the other possibilities.即决定做某事，需要思虑后作出选择判断。这一点和本句表意不符。因此选项C可排除。

　　【D选项】raise意为“提高”，判断依据与A选项类似。故D排除。

　　13. 答案：C

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是形容词辨析。空格处所填词是对“嗅觉（Olfaction）”的修饰，通过with many different receptors和第四句（about 400 different olfactory receptor gene families）可知，气味受体很多，意味着嗅觉是一种多样化的感官，故选择C选项diverse。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】formal意为“正式的”。语义不符。因此选项A可排除。

　　【B选项】simple意为“简单的”。与前后文无法形成一致的意思。因此选项B可排除。

　　【D选项】original意为“原始的”，本段没有引出其他感官来与嗅觉作对比，得出嗅觉是最为原始的感官这一结论。故D排除。

　　14. 答案：D

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是动词辨析。上文提到，嗅觉很多样化，因为气味受体很多，大约有400个不同的嗅觉受体基因家族（about 400 different olfactory receptor gene families）。第五句顺承前句内容：此外，这些联系可能可以_______我们如何能“感知恐惧”。由此可知，本句描述的是这些联系还具备的其他功能。结合第二段讨论的内容，即气味可以激起人的反应，所以气味受体是我们能感知恐惧的原因。explain是“解释”的意思，选择D选项。

　　【A选项】alter意为“改变”。改变我们感知恐惧，动宾搭配不合理。因此选项A可排除。

　　【B选项】record意为“记录”。记录我们如何感知恐惧，搭配合理，但不符合原文思路。因此选项B可排除。

　　【C选项】summarize意为“总结”，该词体现总分逻辑，无法与上文形成对应。故C排除。

　　15. 答案：A

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是名词辨析与并列逻辑。or为并列连词，并列how所引导的宾语从句和名词短语，表示的是另一种可能情况。本题解题关键是并列逻辑下的对应词，前方是感知恐惧（fear），挖空词需要与fear形成对比，即选出victory，选择A选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【B选项】anxiety意为“焦虑”。焦虑无法形成对比。因此选项B可排除。

　　【C选项】condition意为“情况，疾病”。condition此处偏中性，无法支撑or的并列逻辑。因此选项C可排除。

　　【D选项】action意为“行动，行为”，中性词，判断依据与C选项一致。故D排除。

　　16. 答案：C

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是逻辑连接词。本句前后形成因果关系，前果：美容品牌投资神经性气味研究与科技（Many beauty brands have invested in neuroscent research and technology）；后因：制造能使消费者产生愉悦的香氛产品具有很大的前景（the possibilities of creating fragrances proven to make consumers feel good are obviously big.）。备选项中唯有C选项as能引导因果逻辑。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】yet意为“然而”，表示对立逻辑。因此选项A可排除。

　　【B选项】if意为“如果”，表示条件逻辑。因此选项B可排除。

　　【D选项】until意为“直到”，引导时间逻辑。故选项D排除。

　　17. 答案：A

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是动词辨析。本空前方出现助动词has，因此这里需要填入done结构的实义动词。前文已经表明Many beauty brands have invested in neuroscent research and technology，因此企业对该类研究是抱着肯定期待的心态，因此本空前后的L’Oréal和Emotiv是美容企业与神经科技公司的合作。因此A选项的partnered符合要求。

　　【选项分析】

　　【B选项】compared意为“比较”。compare with是“与……比较”的意思，在文中能形成搭配。但前后对象不存在对比竞争关系。因此选项B可排除。

　　【C选项】dealt with意为“处理”，是及物动词短语。美容企业与科技公司不存在这层关系。因此选项C可排除。

　　【D选项】come with意为“附带，随同出现”，不合句意，故选项D排除。

　　18. 答案：B

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是名词辨析。本空前方的谓语动词come from表示“源于”，这种神奇的效应源于气味的________（...the magic comes from the very ______ of scent.）。结合上述段落可知，气味本身能使人作出反应，这是气味的本质/特点，针对此科技研究才有了方向，所以美容品牌愿意投资合作。因此，挖空词需要填入能体现气味“本质”的名词，故选择B。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】use意为“用途”。气味的用途，搭配和文意都很到位，且句④还给到了use和applications的同词。但阅读后文就知道，此处不是在说气味的使用促使了企业的合作（magic），而是美容行业本来就知道如何调香。真正有研究前景的方向是要回归到气味的本质上来。因此选项A可排除。

　　【C选项】secret意为“秘密”，此处上下文没有线索和参照词。因此选项C可排除。

　　【D选项】sign意为“标志”，表意不通。故选项D排除。

　　19. 答案：C

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是副词辨析和对立逻辑。通过句内but转折词可知，前后形成对立逻辑，前半句意为“化妆品业和香薰理疗业对香味的应用_______影响了我们的感官”，后半句为“但是这些应用仅仅只是……”，同时，结合上一句feel good。由此可知，前半句表达积极的态度，故选择C选项positively。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】initially意为“起初”。该词表示时间先后顺序，这句话没有体现前后。因此选项A可排除。

　　【B选项】solely意为“仅仅，只”。只影响了我们的感官，句意不符且不符合but转折逻辑。因此选项B可排除。

　　【D选项】regularly意为“经常”，经常影响，与上文表意不符。故选项D排除。

　　20. 答案：A

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是固定表达。结合but转折逻辑可知，后半句与前半句正向表达相反，而scratch the surface是固定表达，意思为“浅尝辄止”，选择A选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【B选项】removing意为“移除”。无法形成固定搭配表达。因此选项B可排除。

　　【C选项】reaching意为“到达”。无法形成固定搭配表达。因此选项C可排除。

　　【D选项】depicting意为“刻画，描述”，无法形成固定搭配表达。故选项D排除。

　　Section II Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Text 1

　　【必备词汇】

　　identity n. 身份；认同感

　　in the light of sth. 考虑到

　　denounce v. 谴责；指责

　　insensitive adj. （对他人的感受）漠不关心的

inhospitable adj. 不好客的

　　hostile adj. 有敌意的

predictable adj. 意料之中的；老套乏味的

　　gain n. 增加

　　exhibit n./v. 表现；展示

　　hassle n. 困难；麻烦；分歧；争论

　　confirm v. 使确认

　　21. 【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

本题问及前2个自然段中美国大学的情况，该题表面上是讨论美国大学的现状，实则开门见山抛出了全文的主题，即美国大学在校生种族多样性和多元化问题。在叙述和论证手法上采取了正反论证的形式：第一段（正向论证）引述大法官安东尼·肯尼迪(Anthony M. Kennedy)的观点，明确种族因素可成为招生的考量因素之一，并将学生身份的多元化视为大学教育使命的核心。（“student body diversity” at the modern university was “central to its identity and educational mission.”）第二段（反向论证）提及去年由于该问题引发的横扫全美的抗议事件，并进一步指出虽然在过去的30年间，学生身份多元化问题有所改善，但有色人种的境遇仍然令人担忧。（But students of color continue to denounce them as insensitive, inhospitable and hostile to nonwhites.）。根据上述分析，美国大学是期待能够招收更多的来自不同种族的学生，即B选项expected to enroll racially diverse students.（期望招收不同种族的学生）为本题正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】该选项为偷换概念的选项，文章前两个自然段的论述主题的美国大学在校学生身份的多元化问题，而非该选项中所谓的diverse student societies.（多样化的学生社团），因此排除该选项。

　　【B选项】该选项为本题的正确选项。详细分析见【重点思路】。

　　【C选项】文章中虽然在第二段中提及去年发生的抗议事件（in light of the protests that swept U.S. campuses last year.），但从论证结构上来看，这些抗议事件质疑的是大学是否履行了他的使命，而非选项中所述的由于种族歧视被控告（charged with racial discrimination）。因此我们可以将该选项排除。

　　【D选项】该选项为正反混淆的选项，文章第二段明确指出“在过去的30年里，大学变得更加多样化。”（Over the past 30 years, universities have become vastly more diverse），而非该选项所述的“由于变得不再多元而受到批评”。

　　22. 【此题考点】

　　态度题

　　【重点思路】

本题为典型的态度题，根据态度题的三要素进行分析：态度的发出者为作者，态度的承受者为“聘用多元文化官”，态度的表达需要从文章的第3段和第4段来寻找线索。文章第3个自然段承接上文所述话题，为破解学生身份多元化挑战寻找对策，很多机构都专门聘请了专职的管理人员，但在此处叙述中作者使用了一个非常耐人寻味的词predictable（意料之中的，老套乏味的），暗示解决方案缺乏创新性，也预示改方案的效果势必非常有限。果然在文章第4段以强转折But指出“没有强有力的证据表明这些代价高昂的努力改变了什么”（there’s no strong evidence that these costly efforts have changed anything.），下方又引用了心理学家卡特琳娜·别兹鲁科娃 (Katerina Bezrukova) 在过去40年里对企业和教育界进行的近200项多元化培训研究进行调查的结论，再次明确没有迹象表明这些培训会长期影响参与者的种族态度。（no indication that they affected participants’ racial attitudes over the long term.）（另外值得注意的是：该结构亦为典型的例证结构，例证题是潜在的考点）。综上所述，作者对这种老生常谈的应对问题的方案表示失望，因此A选项disappointed（失望的）为本题的正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】该选项为本题的正确选项。详细分析见【重点思路】。

　　【B选项】relieved（放心的，宽慰的，欣慰的）为正面态度，与文章的情感基调有悖。

　　【C选项】permissive（放纵的）文章没有可靠的依据，亦与文章的情感基调有悖。

　　【D选项】scornful（蔑视的）具有人身攻击的属性，多为陪跑词，亦与文章的情感基调有悖。

　　23. 【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

　　本题问及作者对大学的建议。根据作者在文章中的出现方式（第一人称、形容词和副词、转折之后、情态动词之后、无主的观点……）结合“题文同序”的原则，可发现在文章的第6段和第7段有两处与题干问题相关的表述。第6段段首的Unfortunately即表示语义上的转折，同时也暗示了作者的态度（负面），随后指出“越来越多的大学允许新生选择自己的室友”（more colleges are allowing freshmen to choose their own roommates.），由于Unfortunately所确定的基调，显然作者对大学的这种安排是不赞同的。随后在第7段作者又指出“所有大一新生的室友应该随机分配。我们应该禁止或劝阻新生住单人间”（All freshmen roommates should be randomly assigned. And we should bar or discourage freshmen from taking single rooms.）综合以上两条信息不难发现，作者建议“禁止新生选择自己的室友”，以有效的实现学生身份的多元化的目标。因此D选项为本题的正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】该选项中所谈及的“在多元文化项目上有更多的投资”在文章中并未提及，属于无中生有的选项，应该将其排除。

　　【B选项】 该选项所述“禁止所有学生住单间”过于绝对，尤其是选项中的all在文中没有相应的表述，应该将该选项排除。

　　【C选项】 该选项含义为“为新生分配相同种族的室友”，字面上看与学生身份多元话的初衷不一致，而且文中的表述为“随机分配”（should be randomly assigned），而非该选项所谓的“特意”为大学的新生们选择相同种族的室友。

　　【D选项】该选项为本题的正确选项。详细分析见【重点思路】。

　　24. 【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

　　根据题干中的定位信息，可以锁定文章的第8个自然段，该段在研究结论处和后续的举例论证处两次提到了题干中的关键信息“living with white roommates, black students...”，在结论处：African American students earned better grades if they had a white roommate than if they had a black one.（非裔美国学生如果有白人室友，他们的成绩会比有黑人室友的学生好）；在后续举例说明处：lived with whites might be motivated to work harder to avoid confirming negative stereotypes about minority academic performance.（与白人同住的黑人可能会更努力地学习，以避免确认对少数族裔学习成绩的负面刻板印象），综合以上信息，不难发现A选项“improve their academic performance.”为本题的正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】该选项为本题的正确选项。详细分析见【重点思路】。

　　【B选项】该选项为过度推断的选项，文章仅仅指出与拥有一个黑人室友相比，拥有白人室友的黑人同学会迫于避免刻板印象的压力更加勤奋，也就是说文中所涉及的这种比较仅存在于黑人学生之间，并未提及与白人室友的比较，因此该选项不能成立，可以将其排除。

　　【C选项】该选项为无中生有的选项，文中并未提及是否能交到更多的朋友，需要仔细甄别。

　　【D选项】该选项为偷换概念的选项，文中仅提到了黑人同学为了避免负面的“刻板印象”（negative stereotypes）而更加努力学习，而非选项中所提及的racial stereotype，因此该选项也可以予以排除。

　　25. 【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

　　根据题干中的定位信息结合“题文同序”的原则，可以比较轻松的锁定文章的最后一个自然段（第8段），该段为典型的“总-分”结构，段首明确指出Meanwhile, single rooms decrease the odds of students getting to know people different from themselves.（单间减少了学生认识与自己不同的人的机会）因此C选项“have fewer chances to make friends of other colors.”（有更少的机会结交其他肤色的朋友）为本题的正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】该选项所谓的“不能和其他种族的人交朋友”表述过于绝对，文章中仅说是降低了交朋友的机会和可能性。可以排除该选项。

　　【B选项】该选项的含义为“将依赖于在互联网上交朋友”，表述上过于片面，文中表述为“单间减少了学生认识与自己不同的人的机会。当然，他们可能会在互联网上这样做，但只是以一种肤浅的方式”，也就是说网络交友可以在一定程度上解决单间同学交友的问题，但不是问题的根本性解决方案。根据上述分析可知，文章表述与选项含义显著不同，可将该选项排除。

　　【C选项】该选项为本题的正确选项。详细分析见【重点思路】。

　　【D选项】该选项所述的信息为与其他室友合住的情况，与题干中的single rooms不符，为“答非所问”的选项，可以将其排除。

　　Text 2

　　【必备词汇】

　　impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的

　　bustling adj. 熙熙攘攘的

　　prosperous adj. 富裕繁荣的

　　enthusiastic adj. 热情的

　　investment n. 投资

　　integration n. 一体化

　　aging adj. 老龄化的

　　agreement n. 协议

　　partnership n. 伙伴关系

　　remove v. 消除

　　commerce n. 贸易；商业

　　barrier n. 壁垒

　　accelerate v. 加速

　　intermediate adj. 中间的

　　finished goods n. 成品

　　disparities n. 不同

　　vast adj. 巨大的

　　herald v. 预示

　　propel v. 推进；推动

　　impetus n. 动力；刺激

　　fiercely adv. 激烈地

　　temptation n. 诱惑

　　26.【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

　　根据题干中关键词可定位至文章第一、二段，其中第一段的第二句第三句表明在过去的半个世纪里，日本、韩国和中国成为了熙熙攘攘的制造业中心，然后将这些产品出口到世界其他地方。数以百万计的亚洲人通过制造物品摆脱贫困；许多人变得富裕起来。选项B就是对其的改写，其中lifted themselves out of poverty对应原文escaped poverty，故答案选择B。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】选项A是对于第一段第一句的望文生义，第一段第一句的含义是“亚洲工厂”一词描述了历史上最令人印象深刻的经济成就之一。而非亚洲工厂很多，故可排除选项A。

　　【C选项】选项C是对于第二段第一句设置的干扰，第二段第一句讲的是：在过去的十年里，亚洲公司一直是他们自己地区的热情投资者。至于亚洲公司是否投资西方国家在原文阐述不得而知，所以选项C属于偷换概念，可以排除。

　　【D选项】选项D是对于第二段第三句设置的干扰，第二段第三句讲的是：大部分投资款来自富裕而老龄化的日本和韩国以及中国，并流向了更贫穷、更年轻的地方。并非选项D阐述的由西方国家流向亚洲国家，所以选项D属于偷换概念，可以排除。

　　27.【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

　　根据题干中关键词可定位至文章第三段第一句，题目询问亚洲一体化可能深化的原因，由于因果往往相邻可知，紧随其后的第三段第二句即为一体化深化的原因，第三段第二句讲的是：诸如《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》之类的新贸易协定消除了一些贸易壁垒。对应A选项表述，其中选项removed对应原文eliminated；选项barriers对应原文obstacles。

　　【选项分析】

　　【B选项】选项B利用第三段结尾作干扰，第三段结尾讲的是：但国际货币基金组织预测，未来五年，亚洲新兴和发展中经济体的年增长率可能达到4.5%，是发达国家的三倍。但是此句为国际货币基金组织的预测，不对应题目问题，属于答非所问选项，故可排除。

　　【C选项】选项C含义是国家之间的政治联系更紧密，文章并未谈及，属于无中生有选项，故可排除。

　　【D选项】选项D是根据第四段结尾句设置的干扰。第四段结尾句含义是：贸易的增加应该会降低消费者的价格，而更多的投资应该会降低资金成本。但第四段阐述的是贸易深化带来的经济影响，而非题目询问的原因，属于答非所问选项，故可排除。

　　28.【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

　　根据题干中关键词可定位至文章第五段，本段讲的是：与欧洲不同，亚洲更深层次的经济联系并不预示着政治一体化。欧洲一体化是由避免另一场大陆战争的愿望推动的；而今天的亚洲却没有类似的动力。亚洲国家非常独立，政治制度也非常多样化。尤其是本段结尾句阐述亚洲国家的政治制度仍是多样化的，其中varied对应D选项的different，阐述对象均为political system，故选项D正确。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】第五段第二句讲的是与欧洲不同，亚洲更深层次的经济联系并不预示着政治一体化。选项A却说引发了政治一体化，所以选项A表述与文意相反，故可排除。

　　【B选项】选项B利用第五段第三句前半部分设置干扰，文中为：欧洲一体化是由避免另一场大陆战争的愿望推动的，阐述主语是欧洲一体化，而非题目询问的对象，属于答非所问选项，故可排除。

　　【C选项】选项C含义讲的是情况尚不确定，属于无中生有选项，故可排除。

　　29.【此题考点】

　　语义题

　　【重点思路】

　　根据题干中关键词可定位至文章第六段，第六段意思是：尽管美国在亚洲的经济影响力相对正在减弱，但它仍然可以通过其合作伙伴施加影响。随着亚洲国家共同富裕起来，美国应该记住，它也是一个太平洋国家，应该抵制内向的诱惑。猜词首先应该与其后的“影响”构成动宾搭配，其次还要符合语境含义，猜词所在句出现“尽管”让步逻辑词，说明本句句义内部存在反转，逗号前表明美国对于亚洲的经济影响在减弱，故逗号后的句意表述应该与之相反，即美国仍可通过其合作伙伴对亚洲国家施加影响。故选项C正确。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】含义为“忽视”，猜词所在句出现“尽管”让步逻辑词，说明本句句义内部存在反转，逗号前表明美国对于亚洲的经济影响在减弱，故逗号后的句义表述应该与之相反，即美国仍可通过其合作伙伴对亚洲国家施加影响。故选项A的表述与文义相反，可以排除。

　　【B选项】含义为“评估”，猜词所在句出现“尽管”让步逻辑词，说明本句句义内部存在反转，逗号前表明美国对于亚洲的经济影响在减弱，故逗号后的句义表述应该与之相反，即美国仍可通过其合作伙伴对亚洲国家施加影响。故选项B的表述与文义不符，可以排除。

　　【D选项】含义为“避免”，猜词所在句出现“尽管”让步逻辑词，说明本句句义内部存在反转，逗号前表明美国对于亚洲的经济影响在减弱，故逗号后的句义表述应该与之相反，即美国仍可通过其合作伙伴对亚洲国家施加影响。故选项D的表述与文意相反，可以排除。

　　30.【此题考点】

　　主旨题

　　【重点思路】

　　根据题干中的关键词可知本题询问文章最合适的标题，文章第一段以“亚洲工厂”为引子，描述了历史上最令人印象深刻的经济成就之一，引出文章中心话题亚洲公司对亚洲地区的投资，第三段承接上文进一步说明亚洲一体化可能会进一步深化，第四段谈及其对于经济的影响，第五段谈及其对于政治的影响，最后一段谈及美国身为太平洋国家的一份子，也应该参与其中。故选项A正确。

　　【选项分析】

　　【B选项】选项B出现了“亚洲一体化”这个关键词，但是threat这个词表明亚洲一体化对于亚洲地区的威胁，与文意表述相反，文章的含义是亚洲地区经济的发展，故可排除选项 B。

　　【C选项】选项C The Political Consequences of Asian Neighborhood，政治相关的表述仅是文章第五段的内容，过于片面，故可排除选项C。

　　【D选项】Asian Neighborhood Needs Investment from America，文章仅在结尾段表明美国身为太平洋国家的一份子应该参与其中，原文讲的是：尽管美国在亚洲的相对经济影响力正在减弱，但它仍然可以通过其合作伙伴施加影响。但是并未表明亚洲地区需要美国的投资，选项D属于无中生有选项，故可排除。

　　Text 3

　　【必备词汇】

　　[1] evocative adj. 唤起的

　　[2] pandemic n. 大流行病

　　[3] lockdown n. 封锁

　　[4] bounce back 反弹；迅速恢复活力

　　[5] welfare n. 福利

　　[6] claimant n. 申请人

　　[7] incapacity n. 无能力

　　[8] fraud n. 欺诈

　　[9] deny v. 拒绝给予

　　[10] high-profile adj. 高调的

　　[11] reverse v. 逆转

　　[12] fiscal adj. 财政的

　　[13] perverse adj. 任性的

　　[14] incentive n. 激励

　　[15] nudge v. 轻轻推动；鼓励

　　[16] temporarily adv. 暂时地

　　[17] permanently adv. 永久地

　　[18] ailment n. 小病

　　[19] bump up 提升

　　31.【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

根据题干中关键词economists，inactivity rate和Britain，可定位至文章第一段，本段句3为经济学家对英国经济不活跃率（economic inactivity）的态度：英国在这方面有着良好的记录（Britain had a good record on this score），紧接着句4进一步说明英国在该方面的表现情况，即在2019年之前的20年里，英国的不活跃率是所有富裕国家中最低的（For two decades until 2019 its inactivity rate was among the lowest of any rich country），由此可知，在经济不活跃方面，英国表现得不错，故选项B正确。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】第一段句3为经济学家对英国不活跃率（economic inactivity）的态度：英国在这方面有着良好的记录（Britain had a good record on this score），由此可知，在经济不活跃方面，英国表现得不错，与A选项相反，故排除。此外，句5虽然提及“然后出了问题（Then something went wrong.）”，但此处及后文是事实，而非经济学家的观点，也可排除A项。

【B选项】本段句3为经济学家对英国不活跃率（economic inactivity）的态度：英国在这方面有着良好的记录（Britain had a good record on this score），紧接着句4进一步说明英国在该方面的表现情况，即在2019年之前的20年里，英国的不活跃率是所有富裕国家中最低的（For two decades until 2019 its inactivity rate was among the lowest of any rich country），由此可知，在经济不活跃方面，英国表现得不错，故选项B正确。

　　【C选项】选项C利用句7 But whereas other economies bounced back…in Britain, uniquely, it continues to climb, and is up by 0.5 points设置干扰，文中意为“但是，当其他经济体都在反弹时，英国的经济不活跃率独具一格地继续攀升，上升了0.5个百分点”，即英国并未反弹，故可排除C选项。

　　【D选项】选项D利用句6 Pandemic lockdowns affected economic activity everywhere设置干扰，文中意为“疫情封锁影响了各国的经济活动”，而不是“英国各地都受到了影响”，故可排除D选项。

　　32.【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

　　根据题干中关键词Britain和low rates of economic inactivity，可定位至文章第二段，本段句3指出：这有助于防范欺诈，并使经济不活跃率保持在较低水平（That helped guard against fraud and kept rates of economic inactivity low）。句中代词that指代句2，即上届工党政府，以及自2010年以来由保守党领导的政府，逐渐加大了失业救济金申请者获得失业救济金的难度（The previous Labour government, and Conservative-led ones since 2010, gradually made it harder for claimants to get incapacity benefits），由此可知，申请者很难获得救济金导致了英国经济不活跃率保持在较低水平，故选项D正确。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】选项A意为“申请者慷慨的救济金”，与本段句2“逐渐加大了失业救济金申请者获得失业救济金的难度”（gradually made it harder for claimants to get incapacity benefits）含义相反，故排除。

　　【B选项】选项B利用句3That helped guard against fraud and kept rates of economic inactivity low设置干扰，文中意为“这有助于防范欺诈，并使经济不活跃率保持在较低水平”，本句虽提到诈骗，但并未提到对诈骗有偏见，且并非题目所问保持经济不活跃率较低的原因，故排除选项B。

　　【C选项】选项C利用句5 In 2019, after several high-profile cases of people being declared fit for work and then dying设置干扰，虽然本句提到几起引人注目的案件，但并非题目所问保持经济不活跃率较低的原因，故排除选项C。

　　【D选项】本段句3指出：这有助于防范欺诈，并使经济不活跃率保持在较低水平（That helped guard against fraud and kept rates of economic inactivity low）。句中代词that指代句2，即上届工党政府，以及自2010年以来由保守党领导的政府，逐渐加大了失业救济金申领者获得失业救济金的难度（The previous Labour government, and Conservative-led ones since 2010, gradually made it harder for claimants to get incapacity benefits），由此可以推断，申请者很难获得救济金导致了英国经济不活跃率保持在较低水平，故选项D正确。

　　33.【此题考点】

　　态度题

　　【重点思路】

　　根据题干中关键词old welfare system，可定位至文章第三段，本段句2指出：旧的制度在鼓励那些暂时丧失工作能力的人尽快恢复工作方面做得很好（The old system did a fair job of nudging those who were temporarily incapacitated back into work as soon as they were better），由此可知，作者对旧的制度持有正向态度，故选项B正确。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】cautious意为“谨慎的”，与定位处态度不符，故排除。

　　【B选项】本段句2指出：旧的制度在鼓励那些暂时丧失工作能力的人尽快恢复工作方面做得很好（The old system did a fair job of nudging those who were temporarily incapacitated back into work as soon as they were better），由此可知，作者对旧的制度持有正向态度，故选项B正确。

　　【C选项】pessimistic意为“悲观的”，与定位处态度不符，故排除。

　　【D选项】critical意为“批判的”，与定位处态度不符，故排除。

　　34.【此题考点】

　　推理题

　　【重点思路】

　　根据题干中关键词last paragraph，可定位至文章第四段，本段句1指出：政策制定者应该想办法加强政策。（Policymakers should find ways to tighten up.）；句6、7进一步说明：明智地修正社会保障体系是他们的工作。他们绝不能逃避。（Correcting the safety-net sensibly is their job. They must not evade it），由此可以推断，政策制定者应该采取措施解决这一问题，故选项A正确。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】本段句1指出：政策制定者应该想办法加强政策。（Policymakers should find ways to tighten up.）；句6、7进一步说明：明智地修正社会保障体系是他们的工作。他们绝不能逃避。（Correcting the safety-net sensibly is their job. They must not evade it），由此可以推断，政策制定者应该采取措施解决这一问题，故选项A正确。

　　【B选项】选项B利用句2中they should encourage those who can go back to work, even part-time设置干扰，文中意为“他们应该鼓励那些能够回去工作的人，即使是兼职”，而不是“应该用更多的经济奖励来鼓励兼职者”，故可排除B选项。

　　【C选项】选项C利用句3中regularly reassessing recipients to see if their health has improved, which rarely happens today设置干扰，文中意为“定期重新评估接受者，看看他们的健康状况是否有所改善，而这种情况在今天很少发生”，文中言外之意为，目前的福利政策纵容一些人通过装作健康状况不允许的方式来获得救济金，而非“领取福利金的人通常健康状况不佳”，故可排除C选项。

　　【D选项】选项D利用句3中bumping up benefits to the temporarily incapacitated设置干扰，文中意为“增加对暂时丧失工作能力的人的补贴”，而非“所有受助人的福利都应该增加”，故可排除D选项。

　　35.【此题考点】

　　主旨题

　　【重点思路】

　　本文第一段首句指出：英语中有很多词汇能够唤起人们对那些不愿工作者的回忆（The English language has many evocative terms for those seen as workshy）；第二段首句指出了英国人不愿工作的原因：主要原因在于福利制度（The primary cause is in the welfare system）；第三段首句进一步指出英国人不愿工作的另一个原因：与此同时，不正当的激励措施也增加了（Meanwhile, perverse incentives have been added）；第四段首句表明对策：政策制定者应该想办法加强政策（Policymakers should find ways to tighten up）。由此可知，本篇文章主要讨论了英国人不愿工作的原因，故选项C正确。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】选项A利用第四段句6 Correcting the safety-net sensibly is their job设置干扰，由于此处仅为文章细节，并非全文主旨，故可排除A选项。

　　【B选项】本文主要探讨了英国人不愿就业的原因，其中一个原因为英国福利政策的问题。选项B意为“英国的福利制度刺激就业”，与原文意思相反，故可排除B选项。

　　【C选项】第一段首句指出：英语中有很多词汇能够唤起人们对那些不愿工作者的回忆（The English language has many evocative terms for those seen as workshy）；第二段首句指出了英国人不愿工作的原因：主要原因在于福利制度（The primary cause is in the welfare system）；第三段首句进一步指出英国人不愿工作的另一个原因：与此同时，不正当的激励措施也增加了（Meanwhile, perverse incentives have been added）；第四段首句表明对策：政策制定者应该想办法加强政策（Policymakers should find ways to tighten up）。由此可知，本篇文章主要讨论了英国人不愿工作的原因，故选项C正确。

　　【D选项】选项D意为“英国人对经济不活跃的看法不一”，而文章主要探讨的是英国人不愿工作的原因，并非人们对经济不活跃的不同看法，故可排除D选项。

　　Text 4

　　【必备词汇】

　　[ 1 ] status n. 地位，状况

　　[ 2 ] declare v. 宣布

　　[ 3 ] complacency n. 自满，自鸣得意

　　[ 4 ] storage n.储存，贮藏场所

　　[ 5 ] waste n.废弃物

[ 6 ] tributary n. 支流

　　[ 7 ] sewer n.下水道

　　[ 8 ] sewage n.污水，污物

　　[ 9 ] alleviate v. 减轻

　　[10] privatisation n.私有化，私营化

　　[11] contaminate n. 污染，弄脏

　　[12] sediment n. 沉淀物，沉积物

　　[13] attach v.依附，附上

　　[14] particle n.微粒，粒子

[15] construct v. 建造

　　[16] drainage n. 排水系统，排水

　　36.【此题考点】

　　推断题

　　【重点思路】根据题干，可以定位到第一段，由第一句“泰晤士河被视为世界上穿城而过的河流中最干净的河流之一”，以及第二句“……在伦敦自然历史博物馆的科学家们宣布其‘生物学死亡’后，仅过了60年，它就恢复了清澈洁净的状态”，可知，泰晤士河得到了不同寻常的复苏，重焕生机，[D]为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】第一段提到第1句第2句提到 It might surprise you..., 以及What’s even more surprising... 可知泰晤士河让人惊叹，但是第3句：there’s no room for complacency(不容自满)，所以选项中的content，与原文正反混淆，故排除。

　　【B选项】第一段第2句提到...it reached that status just 60 years after being declared “biologically dead”...（宣布其“生物学死亡”后，经过了60年，它就恢复了清澈洁净的状态）， 60年过程中它在恢复，并不是一直处于生物学死亡状态，该选项与原文偷换概念，故排除。

　　【C选项】第一段第1句提到：the River Thames is considered one of the world’s cleanest rivers running through a city...，（泰晤士河被视为世界上穿城而过的河流中最干净的河流之一），选项去掉了河流的修饰限定running through a city，变成“世界上最干净的河流之一”，属于扩大范围，故排除。

　　【D选项】由第一句“泰晤士河被视为世界上穿城而过的河流中最干净的河流之一”，以及第二句“……在伦敦自然历史博物馆的科学家们宣布其‘生物学死亡’后，仅过了60年，它就恢复了清澈洁净的状态”，可知，泰晤士河得到了不同寻常的复苏，重焕生机，[D]为正确选项。

　　37.【此题考点】

　　例证题

【重点思路】根据题干的mentions...,to illustrate...可知，此题为例证题，需要找例子前的观点。原文第二段第3句冒号前后，互为论点和论据，所以答案在第3句冒号前，意思是：许多小支流掩藏于地下，以掩盖其臭味；同时第3句和第2句语义相同，第2句提到 reducing many of its tributaries to running sewers（使许多支流沦为流动的下水道），可知，答案为D“许多恶心的支流流经伦敦下方”。

　　【选项分析】

【A选项】第二段第2句提到dumped rubbish reducing many of its tributaries to running sewers （泄露的污水和倾倒的垃圾使许多支流沦为流动的下水道），是支流变成下水道，不是泰晤士河变成下水道，该选项偷换概念，故排除。 【B选项】第二段第3句提到Many of these small rivers now lie underneath the streets of London （许多小支流长期掩藏于地下），支流只是变成下水道，并不是被filled up（填埋），该选项排除。

　　【C选项】该选项出现在第二段第1句，并不是例子所论证的观点，故排除。

【D选项】选项中nasty对应原文foul smells，选项中run underneath London对应原文running sewers，和lie underneath the street of London是例子所证明的观点，故为正确答案。

　　38.【此题考点】

　　词义题

【重点思路】短语The final straw出现在第三段首句，提到：1858年的伦敦酷暑，也被称为大恶臭，河流中满是生活和工业废弃物，致使人们逃离伦敦。结合第二段说：泰晤士河曾为聚污处，许多支流沦为流动的下水道。可知第三段为第二段语义和情感色彩的递进，是人们逃离伦敦的最后一根稻草，故选A选项：无法忍受的打击。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】第三段首句提到：1858年的伦敦酷暑，也被称为大恶臭，致使人们逃离伦敦。结合第二段说：泰晤士河曾为聚污处，许多支流沦为流动的下水道。可知第三段为第二段语义和情感色彩的递进，是人们逃离伦敦的最后一根稻草，故该选项正确。

　　【B选项】第三段和第二段都是在谈论泰晤士河被严重污染，语义相同，不存在“巨大的变化”，故排除。

　　【C选项】第三段和第二段都是在谈论泰晤士河被严重污染，语义相同，不存在“戏剧性的惊喜”，故排除。

　　【D选项】第三段没有提到“无法达到的目标”，故排除。

　　39.【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】此题为细节题，重点在于审题，根据题干的the deeper and remaining problems of the Thames（泰晤士河仍存在的深层问题），可以定位到第五段的第2句deeper, unresolved issues，所以答案句是 contaminated sediments still entering the river（受污染的沉积物进入河流），第4句举heavy metals的例子，说“重金属在河床的淤泥颗粒上附着数十年，伤害或杀死依靠它们生存的生物，可知，B为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】该选项抽象概括了第六段的第1句，提到：整个大伦敦地区的污水和地表水排放设施已经不堪重负，这套系统最初计划是要满足不到500万人的需求，如今却有1000多万人使用，但是不是题干要求的“尚未解决的深层问题”，属于答非所问，故排除。

　　【B选项】第五段的第2句提到deeper, unresolved issues，所以答案句是 contaminated sediments still entering the river（受污染的沉积物进入河流），同时，第4句举heavy metals的例子，说“重金属在河床的淤泥颗粒上附着数十年，伤害或杀死依靠它们生存的生物，可知，B为正确选项。

　　【C选项】该选项的意思是：泰晤士河未解决的深层问题部分在于水务公司私有化改革，属于答非所问，且The privatisation of water companies是决策者治理泰晤士河的方法，为正向评价色彩，并不属于题干问及的problems，故排除。

　　【D选项】该选项说：深层问题在于新建排水设施的资金不足，也属于答非所问，排除。

　　40.【此题考点】

　　态度题

　　【重点思路】态度题需要审题清晰，题干作者对新修的25公里“超级下水道”带来的影响的态度，最后一段提到 it won’t be enough on this own（光靠这一条不过是杯水车薪），显然为怀疑的态度，doubtful为正确答案，选A。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】最后一段提到 it won’t be enough on this own（光靠这一条不过是杯水车薪），显然为怀疑的态度，doubtful为正确答案，选A。

　　【B选项】enthusiastic（热情的）与原文情感色彩相反，排除。

　　【C选项】confident（自信的）与原文情感色彩相反，排除。

　　【D选项】作者的态度不可能为puzzled（困惑的），排除。

　　Part B

　　【重点思路】

　　【41题】A段首句出现this，不符合首段特征，故排除。D段首句出现other，不符合首段特征，排除。E段首句出现despite，不符合首段特征，故排除。F段首句出现but，不符合首段特征，故排除。因此我们判断，C选项符合首段特征，故C为答案选项。

　　【42题】首段谈到“在纳伦德拉·莫迪（Narendra Modi）领导下，研究人员指责印度出现严重的民主倒退”，E段首句谈到“尽管公开驳斥了几项表明印度正处于危险下滑轨道的全球排名，但政府部门的官员已被悄悄指派监视印度的表现”，与第一段紧密衔接，故E为答案选项。

　　【43题】第三段提到“自2021年以来，印度高级官员至少举行了四次会议，讨论为什么经济智库的全球民主指数在过去三年中将这个世界上人口最多的国家降至有缺陷的民主”。D段首句谈到“其他排名也引起了关注”。D段首句也谈到了排名，与第三段形成呼应，故D为答案选项。

　　【44题】G段提到“在一次评估排名的会议上，一名高级官员说，总理更加重视民主指数，并渴望提高排名，因为印度是世界上最大的民主国家”。A段首句谈到“这位官员补充说，这一点对民主指数至关重要，因为它影响到印度的声誉”，是对上一段高级官员说话内容的补充，故A为答案选项。

　　【45题】A段尾句提到“他表示，早在今年2月就有人提出担忧，认为这些排名不应仅仅作为意见而被忽视，因为如果印度被视为一个政治上存在风险的投资地，这些排名可能会影响在印度的国际企业”，F段首句谈到“但政府的一些部门对此表示反对”，与上一段形成呼应，故答案为F。

　　Part C

　　45.

　　43.

　　42.

　　45.

　　43.

　　42.

　　【46考点】让步状语从句，介宾结构

　　【必备词汇】

　　[1] sophisticated adj. 老练的

　　[2] stylist n. 文体学家

　　[3] fussy adj. 过于繁琐的

　　[4] tangled adj. 复杂的

　　[5] incapable adj. 不能的

[6] transparent adj. 明晰的，易懂的

　　【句子翻译】 尽管有些法官是老练的文书写手，但是大多数法律用语繁琐且复杂，并且无法产生明晰的表达。

　　【47考点】非谓语结构，被动句

　　【必备词汇】

[1] contract n. 合同

　　[2] legal language 法律用语

　　[3] simplified adj. 简化的

　　[4] version n. 版本

　　[5] convey v. 表达

　　[6] identical adj. 完全相同的

　　[7] concept n. 概念

　　[8] laypeople n. 外行

　　【句子翻译】 用法律用语写成的合同以及传达相同概念的简化版本得以展示给美国律师以及非专业人员。

　　【48考点】被动句，让步状语从句，时间状语从句

　　【必备词汇】

　　[1] insurance n. 保险

　　[2] go by 经过

　　[3] attendant adj. 伴随的

　　[4] verb n. 动词

　　[5] phrase n. 短语

　　[6] purchase v. 购买

　　【句子翻译】 我们必须牢记“保险”这个词，而在它的相应动词短语“应购买”出现之前，中间大约出现了20个其他词。

　　【49考点】原因状语从句，宾语从句，比较结构

　　【必备词汇】

　　[1] fit v. 适合

　　[2] either adv. 也（不）

　　[3] for conj. 因为

　　[4] client n. 委托人

　　[5] sign v. 签名

　　[6] simplified adj. 简化的

[7] contract n. 合同

　　[8] standard adj. 标准的

　　【句子翻译】 但这也与数据不符，因为律师们认为，比起标准合同，他们的委托人更有可能签署简化合同。

　　【50考点】宾语从句，比较结构

　　【必备词汇】

　　[1] test group 测试组

　　[2] hire v. 雇佣

　　[3] simplified adj. 简化的

[4] contract n. 合同

　　[5] author n. 作者

　　[6] official document 公文

　　【句子翻译】 但测试组的律师们认为，他们更有可能雇佣简化合同写手，而不是传统公文作者。

　　Section Ⅲ Writing

　　Part A

　　【范文】

　　Dear Mr. Snow,

　　I am the manager of 3X, a Chinese communication technology company. And today, with a cordial expectation to cooperate with your corporation, I am writing this letter to recommend our latest 5G communication network equipment to you.

To begin with, compared with 4G facilities, our 5G network bears a way better speed and stability, which allows users to transmit information more efficiently. Secondly, in contrast with communication products from other countries, the telecommunication network established by our company has been famous for its safety and privacy. Last but not least, it can be confidently believed that our company holds the best-trained team and the most intimate after-sales service.

　　On behalf of our company, I’m unfeignedly looking forward to your reply. If there’s anything to be further discussed, your favorable contact will be earnestly awaited.

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Li Ming

　　【译文】

　　亲爱的斯诺先生：

　　我是3X中国通讯技术公司的经理。今天，带着诚挚的合作意愿，我给您写这封信的目的是向您推荐我们公司最新的5G通讯网络设备。

　　首先，与4G设备相比，5G网络拥有更高的速度、更强的稳定性，这能让用户更高效地传递信息。其次，与外国生产的通讯产品相比，我们公司建立的电信网络以其安全性和私密性闻名。最后，您完全可以相信，我们公司拥有最精良的团队，以及最贴心的售后服务。

　　我代表我们公司，期待着您的回复。如果有任何需进一步讨论的细节，我们将诚挚恭候您的联络。

　　您真诚的朋友，

　　李明

　　Part B

　　【范文】

　　As the simple but thought-provoking picture depicts, there are two students discussing foreign-brand and domestic-brand sneakers. One of the students holds that foreign brands are luxurious, while the other insists that domestic brands have better product quality. What on earth does the drawer attempt to convey?

In the current society, our domestic products have received increasing popularity and have won a great reputation, which has aroused widespread social concern. From my perspective, such a phenomenon can be attributed to the following factors. First of all, with the advancement of our manufacturing technology and innovation capability, the quality of products made in China is not lower, even much higher, than that of overseas products, winning prestige among citizens, especially the young. In addition, patriotic entrepreneurs always lend their hands to impoverished or disaster areas, evoking everyone’s inner love of the motherland, which, predictably, translates into public support for domestic brands. Last but not least, getting dressed up in domestic clothing has become a fashion trend among university students, with foreign brands no longer maintaining their enviable status they used to hold. It is, and will continue to be, not rare to see that an expanding group of students are willing to show their pride in domestic products, for which reason I’m strongly convinced that our domestic brands will embrace an even brighter future. In the meantime, the cultural confidence of our nation will surely be promoted in turn.

　　【译文】

　　正如简单却引人深思的图片所描绘的那样，有两位学生正在讨论外国品牌和国产品牌的运动鞋。其中一位学生认为，外国品牌是奢侈的，而另一位学生坚称国产品牌的质量更高。作者究竟想要传达什么呢？

　　在当今社会，我们的国货越来越受欢迎，而且赢得了很好的口碑，这引发了社会上广泛的关注。从我的视角来看，这样的现象可以归因于以下因素。首先，随着生产技术和创新能力的进步，中国制造的产品的质量并不低于，甚至远高于外国产品的质量，这在人民（尤其是年轻人）之中赢得了良好的声誉。此外，爱国的企业家们总是向贫困地区或灾区伸出援手，这唤起了每个人心中的爱国情怀，可想而知，这也会转化成公众对国产品牌的支持。最后，穿国产服装已经在大学生当中变成了一种时尚潮流，同时，外国品牌已不再拥有曾经令人艳羡的地位。

　　现在，以及未来，都会有越来越多的学生群体愿意展现出他们对国货的自豪。出于这个原因，我坚信，国货品牌将迎来一个美好的未来。与此同时，我们民族的文化自信也一定会得到提升。

　　全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）

　　Section I Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

They might say “mind over matter,” but it seems if we don’t pay attention to the matter we put into our stomach—our gastrointestinal tract to be exact, it might ___1___controlling our mind! According to Harvard Medical School, stress, depression and other psychological factors can ___2___ how our gastrointestinal tract moves and contracts. This is why, ___3___, we might feel sick when we get ___4___. But scientists now recognize something commonly called the “brain in your gut” —two thin layers of nerve cells ___5___ in your gastrointestinal tract. Its main ___6___ is controlling digestion—from swallowing food to releasing the enzymes that break food ___7___, and then controlling the blood flow that helps our bodies ___8___ nutrients. It doesn’t really have thoughts, ___9___ it does communicate with the brain in our heads. And the communication goes both ways: like how thinking about eating can get the stomach to release digestive juices before food gets there. Dr. Pankaj Pasricha of the Mayo Clinic in Arizona says the gut may ___10___ be able to tell the brain how to feel—with some research finding that irritation in the gastrointestinal system may send ___11___ to the brain that cause mood changes. Pasricha says therapies that help the gut may help the brain, and vice versa. So antidepressants or psychotherapy might be used as a ___12___ for gastrointestinal problems, he says. Harvard Medical School also ___13___ that studies have found that psychotherapy in ___14___ with conventional medicine helps people with gastrointestinal problems more than medicine alone. Pasricha says the digestive system may even affect thinking and memory, ___15___ more research is needed. And other research has shown that gut bacteria may affect the stress ___16___ and sociability of mice. However, the idea that the gut can directly affect the working of the brain hasn’t been ___17___ by all scientists—and some argue that as most results have come from experiments in mice, the human connection is ___18___. Some also ___19___ that the idea that gut health can affect brain health might encourage companies to try selling useless dietary ___20___ as cures for depression.

　　1. [A] bring up [B] make up [C] end up [D] put up

　　2. [A] balance [B] affect [C] ensure [D] witness

3. [A] due to [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] for example 4. [A] stressed [B] divided [C] exhausted [D] excited

　　5. [A] changed [B] found [C] released [D] ignored

　　6. [A] requirement [B] circle [C] role [D] action

　　7. [A] down [B] out [C] away [D] up

　　8. [A] exclude [B] determine [C] enhance [D] absorb

　　9. [A] since [B] but [C] unless [D] because

　　10. [A] while [B] also [C] therefore [D] though

　　11. [A] differences [B] connections [C] awareness [D] signals

12. [A] treatment [B] foundation [C] strategy [D] principle

　　13. [A] notes [B] denies [C] confuses [D] rejects

　　14. [A] compensation [B] complication [C] combination [D] collection

　　15. [A] until [B] though [C] indeed [D] if

　　16. [A] levels [B] ranges [C] sources [D] advantage

17. [A] decided [B] stressed [C] accepted [D] studied

　　18. [A] unconscious [B] undoubted [C] unhealthy [D] unclear

　　19. [A] abolish [B] support [C] worry [D] advocate

　　20. [A] interference [B] application [C] necessities [D] supplements

　　Section II Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

　　Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

　　Text 1

A gradual reverse migration is under way, from Zoom to the conference room. Wall Street firms have been among the most forceful in summoning workers to their offices, but in recent months even many tech titans—Apple, Google, Meta and more—have demanded staff show up to the office at least three days a week. Didn’t a series of studies during the covid-19 pandemic demonstrate that remote work was often more productive than toiling in the office?

　　Unfortunately for thebelievers, new studies mostly runcounterto this, showing that offices, for all theirflaws, remainessential. A paper published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York found employees of an onlineretailerthat had shifted from offices to homes experienced a 4% decrease in their work efficiency in handling phone calls per hour. Not only did employees answer fewer calls whenremote, the quality of theirinteractionssuffered. They put customers on hold for longer. Another study determined that even chessprofessionalsplay less well in online matches than face-to-face tilts. Yet another used alaboratoryexperimentto show that video conferencesinhibitcreative thinking.

The reasons for the findings will probably not surprise anyone who has spent much of the past few years working from a dining-room table. It is harder for people to collaborate and communicate from home. Workers in the Fed study spoke of missing their “neighbours to turn to for assistance”. In a study of software engineers published in April, researchers found that feedback exchanged between colleagues dropped sharply after the move to remote work. They documented a relative decline in learning for workers at home. Those in offices picked up skills more quickly. Perhaps the greatest virtue of remote work is that it leads to happier employees. People spend less time commuting, which from their vantage-point might feel like an increase in productivity. They can more easily fit in school pickups and doctor appointments. And some tasks—notably, those requiring unbroken concentration for long periods—can often be done more smoothly from home than in open-plan offices. All this explains why so many workers have become so office-shy.

　　Indeed, several surveys have found employees are willing to accept pay cuts for the option of working from home. Havingsatisfiedemployees on slightly lower pay, in turn, might be a good deal forcorporatemanagers. However, the balance of the work week is likely totiltback to the office and away from home—not because bosses are sadomasochists, but because better productivity lies in that direction.

21.According to Paragraph 1, Wall Street companies have_________.

　　[A] called for workers to work in the office three days a week

　　[B] increasingly relied on Zoom

　　[C] accelerated the pace of dismissing employees

　　[D] required employees to return to the office for work

　　22. The paper issued by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is mentioned to show that _________.

　　[A] the work efficiency of an onlineretailer has decreased

　　[B] working in the office is still necessary despite several shortcomings

　　[C] the quality of employees’ work has not been affected by working from home

　　[D] video conferences suppress creative thinking

　　23. According to Paragraph3, which is considered a weakness of remoteworking?

　　[A] The cooperation between colleagues will be affected.

[B] The working environment at the dining table is undesirable.

　　[C] Employees forget their work skills faster.

　　[D] Software engineers insist on working from home.

　　24. With regard to the advantages of working from home, the author holds that_________.

　　[A] it can increase employee productivity

　　[B] some hard tasks require open-plan offices

　　[C] people are less likely to get sick and see doctors

　　[D] this is beneficial for people’s level of happiness

　　25. According to the last Paragraph, the author’s attitude toward working in the office _________.

　　[A] ambiguous

　　[B] critical

　　[C] indifferent

　　[D] supportive

　　Text 2

A new academic study—the largest ever in the UK—has explored the experiences of individuals who suffered an adverse event of the aesthetic medicine. Investigating the long-lasting physical, psychological, emotional, and financial effects of cosmetic toxin complications, the study revealed the challenges that patients in the UK can face from both adverse effects and when trying to access support. Perhaps even more worryingly, it also noted a significant lack of awareness about Medicines and Health Regulatory Agency’s (MHRA) reporting structures. This was coupled with the need for regulation within the UK’s relative sector, which has been deemed a significant public health challenge. There were 655 responses received in the study, with 287(44%) of respondents completing all questions. One of the study’s most striking features was the number of patients reporting an adverse outcome, especially as only 188 adverse reports are listed by the MHRA. This immediately suggests a significant under-reporting of officially recognized adverse events within the UK and the patients had long-lasting adverse effects, not having recovered physically or psychologically.

　　There were financial costs too, ranging from the thousands to one individual who reported costs over f1,000,000. Six individuals stated that they had been left physically disabled. Interestingly, the most common event reported was anxiety, alongside pain—the second most common-headache, panic attacks, and depression.

Contributing to this anxiety, a concerning number of respondents did not know who regulates the aesthetics industry, and confusion abounds. Of those who suggested they did know, the most frequent response (35%) was the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) despite being a UK study. As practitioners will know, in the UK, complications that arise following the administration of botulinum toxin should be reported to MHRA via the Yellow Card Reporting Scheme. However, while the MHRA has responded to increasing toxin injection demand by increasing the accessibility of the Yellow Card scheme, 92% of participants reported that their practitioner did not inform them about it. When asked why they did not seek help, themes emerged such as lack of trust, lack of awareness, or concerns that their healthcare professional did not believe them. The move to introduce licensing is a step in the right direction, but it is hoped that the findings of this study will help inform the extent of the challenge.

　　26.The study explored by UK exposed that__________.

　　[A] it has suggested the aesthetic medicine is good for public health

　　[B] the patients suffer the bad consequence of the aesthetic medicine

　　[C] it challenged the privilege of the UK

　　[D] it may receive both adverse comments and support

　　27.It can be inferred from Para.2 that__________.

[A] the UK needs to regulate the relevant industries [B] there was a misunderstanding of the MHRA’s reporting structures

　　[C] there were totally 287 respondents involved in the survey

　　[D] the report of the MHRA was misleading

　　28.The most noticeable feature of the study was __________.

　　[A] the number of respondents with high costs

　　[B] the amount of patients answering questions

　　[C] the number of respondents involved in the report

　　[D] the amount of patients suffering an adverse outcome

　　29.The reason of the depression and anxiety was that__________.

　　[A] the practitioners didn’t tell the patients the risks of the aesthetic medicine

　　[B] the patients were scared and in a low mood

[C] who should regulate the aesthetics medicine industry

　　[D] complications should be reported to the MHRA

30.The most suitable title for this text would be __________. [A] The Potential for Aesthetic Medicine Industry

　　[B] The Complaints the Patients had in Cosmetic Toxin

　　[C] The Big Problem Caused by MHRA

　　[D] The Challenge Faced by Patients of Aesthetic Medicine

　　Text 3

For decades in Europe, leaders and scholars scoffed at U.S. reliance on air conditioning as another example of American excess. In 1992, Cambridge economist Gwyn Prins warned that “physical addiction to air-conditioned air is the most pervasive and least noticed epidemic in modern America.” Yet, amid the record-breaking heat, they stood ready to embrace what many in Europe have long dismissed as an unnecessary luxury and a planet-destroying menace. Air-conditioned offices are commonplace in Europe, but it is exceedingly rare to find AC units in homes. According to one industry estimate, just 3 percent of homes in Germany and less than 5 percent of homes in France have air conditioning. In Britain, government estimates suggest that less than 5 percent of homes in England have AC units installed. Part of this is because, historically, there was simply far less reason to cool the air in Paris, France, than in Paris, Tex. European countries had warm summers, but they rarely reached the sort of persistently high temperatures seen in the American South. And even on scorching-hot days, the air in Rome was unlikely as humid as in Seoul, Tokyo or Washington. Now, some in Europe are coming to accept that some AC usage may be needed to save lives. After a heat wave killed an estimated 15,000 people in France in 2003, air conditioning was introduced to some nursing homes in a bid to protect the most vulnerable. “People clearly are starting to see hot summers as being something here to stay and are desperate to find a permanent solution for the future,” said Richard Salmon, director of the London-based Air Conditioning Company, noting that his company had gone from 20 consultations a day during a “normal” summer to 300 requests for a consultation over the past week. On a case-by-case basis, switching over to AC in Britain isn’t an insurmountable problem, Salmon said. Britain’s houses, despite their age, can generally have central AC installed with “minimal fuss”. The biggest problem generally is government red tape if the building is listed for conservation or if the home is in an apartment block.

　　On a wider scale, however, the rise in AC use across an entire European continent raises huge questions about sustainability. European demand for air conditioning would be only the tip of the iceberg. The IEA (International Energy Agency) has warned of a potential “cool crunch” as global demand for air conditioning outpaces energy supplies. But air conditioning is likely to be a part of Europe’s future in some way or another.

　　31. Gwyn Prins is quoted in the first paragraph to show_______.

　　[A] the disapproval of U.S. dependence on air conditioning

　　[B] much-argued epidemic in modern America

　　[C] the readiness to accept air conditioning in Europe

　　[D] modern Americans are addicted to air-conditioned air

　　32. European households aren’t equipped with air conditioning partly because_____.

　　[A] the air in Rome was nearly as humid as in Washington

　　[B] it was simple to cool the air in France than in America

[C] summers in Europe were relatively comfortable to spend

　　[D] the offices are already installed with air conditioning

　　33. The rise of consultations in Salmon’s company proves that_____.

　　[A] Europeans begin to embrace the necessity of AC usage

　　[B] Europeans are desperate to find a first-aid measure for future

　　[C] most vulnerable people were killed in some nursing homes

　　[D] this summer in Europe has nothing special

　　34. It can be learned from paragraph 5 that_____.

　　[A] switching over to AC in Britain isn’t a problem

　　[B] apartment blocks cannot have AC installed

　　[C] Britain’s houses can install AC except for the old ones

　　[D] AC installation may encounter some bureaucratic processes

　　35. European homes will have air conditioning despite worries about______.

　　[A] global demand

　　[B] energy sustainability

　　[C] heat wave

　　[D] ice berg

　　Text 4

　　It was one of those many inventions that never quite took off. In 1960, audiences watching the film “Scent of Mystery” got to experience the wonders of “Smell-O-Vision”. Mounted under the cinema seats, the system pumped out 30 different scents—from salty ocean breezes to hints of wine—at crucial moments in the plot. The system had its peculiarities. Those in the balcony complained that the smells reached them too late. Others found the scents to be too faint, or else irritatingly persistent. More novel than effective, Smell-O-Vision never really took root in Hollywood.

These days the cutting-edge of entertainment is video games and virtual reality, not films. Several groups are trying to bring scents to virtual worlds. In one paper published this week in Nature Communications, Xinge Yu at City University of Hong Kong and Yuhang Li at Beihang University describe two wearable “olfaction interfaces”. The first is the size of a plaster, and is attached to the skin, like a fake moustache, under the user’s nose. The second, more capable version is a flexible face mask.

　　Both rely on heating tiny tiles of wax that have been impregnated with various liquid perfumes. The smaller version of the system uses two such tiles; the bigger one has nine. The researchers claim that they can generate a scent, such as mint or green tea, in as little as 1.44 seconds. The nine generators on the mask can combine to produce hundreds of possible odours.

　　Drs Li and Yu have been beaten to market by OVR, a startup based in Vermont. Its headset uses a system of refillable containers, each of which can make thousands of scents. The firm’s newest product, the “ION3”, will be released later this year, and can be tied into existing game-creation tools with minimal fuss.

Getting smells right could make virtual worlds more compelling. Odours are famously evocative. The part of the brain that processes them connects directly to parts associated with emotions and memory. But the science is tricky. Unlike colour or sound, where wavelengths and frequencies combine in predictable ways, smell is not so straightforward. Altering a single chemical bond can shift a scent from sweet to smelly. Whether smelly VR will do better than smelly films remains to be seen. But perhaps one day users will be able to stop, swipe and smell the virtual roses.

　　36. What was the main drawback of the “Smell-O-Vision” system?

　　[A] It was too expensive for theaters to implement.

　　[B] It caused allergic reactions in some viewers.

　　[C] The scents reached the balcony seats too late.

[D] It required viewers to wear uncomfortable masks.

　　37. How do the wearable “olfaction interfaces” generate scents?

　　[A] They release scents from containers.

　　[B] They use tiny heated wax tiles with perfumes.

　　[C] They directly stimulate the user’s sense of smell.

　　[D] They rely on liquid perfumes for scent production.

　　38. According to the article, what is the primary advantage of OVR’s “ION3” product?

　　[A] It offers a wide range of scents.

　　[B] It is the most affordable scent technology.

　　[C] It is compatible with all virtual reality headsets.

[D] It can be used in traditional cinemas.

　　39. The article mentions that odours in virtual worlds have a unique impact on users because____.

　　[A] they have a direct link to one’s emotional responses and memory

[B] they are more predictable than visual effects [C] they are easier to control than color and sound [D] they are not based on straightforward scientific principles 40. What is the central theme of the article?

　　[A] The success of “Smell-O-Vision” in Hollywood.

　　[B] The competition between OVR and other virtual reality companies.

[C] The history of virtual reality in the entertainment industry.

　　[D] The challenges and potential of scent technology in virtual reality.

　　Part B

Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　[A] Red meat is bad for you

　　[B] Dieting will slow your metabolism

[C] Red meat is better than green vegetables

　　[D] Abdominal exercises will give you a six-pack

　　[E] You should eat five portions of fruit and veg a day

　　[F] Abdominal exercises will be harmful for you

　　[G] Lifting weights will make you bulky

　　The health advice to follow — and forget

There is a lot of received wisdom about diet and exercise, but is it based on fact or fiction? Joel Snape finds the truth behind 10 beliefs.

　　41._____________________

Bad news if you are not already doing this: five might actually be the minimum. “The five servings recommendation is sound advice, but also somewhat arbitrary,” says Holmer. “Many studies have found that roughly this number is associated with improved health, but there is also evidence that up to 10 servings per day of these foods can be beneficial.” In general, those who consume more fruits and vegetables have lower risks for cognitive decline and dementia, and diabetes, and may even experience decreased levels of stress.

　　42._____________________

This obviously isn’t true: just look at an Olympic weightlifter such as Team GB’s Zoe Smith (above), who, while in undeniably good shape, has smaller shoulders than millions of men she would effortlessly outclass in the clean and jerk. To understand the science, though, you have to realise that there are two main ways to get strong: increasing the size of individual muscle fibres or coaxing more of them into firing at the same time. Bodybuilders aim to do the first, by doing many repetitions in each set of exercises, lifting until their muscles fail, and using training tricks to further exhaust their fibres.

　　43._____________________

　　Classically, red meat was often advised against because it contains a lot of saturated fat–but it’s not as simple as that. Several studies have shown an association between a higher intake of red meat and an increased risk of prostate cancer and heart disease, but it is now widely believed that the associations between red meat and disease risk might be confounded, because many studies don’t distinguish between processed (bacon, sausages, burgers and deli meats) and unprocessed red meat intake.

　　44._____________________

“It makes a sort of sense that if you want to build your abs, you would do typical abdominal exercises like crunches and sit-ups,” says Emma Storey-Gordon, a personal trainer and sports scientist. “But the truth is that whether you have visible abs or not has far more to do with your body fat levels and where you are predisposed to store fat than the number of sit-ups you do.” Many resources will tell you that you need to be around the 10-15% body fat range to start seeing the outline of your abs if you’re male, or 15-20% if you’re female. In reality, it’s a bit more complicated. “A lot of women need to go below a healthy body fat range for abs; those with longer torsos, who don’t store fat around their midsection, may not.”

　　45._____________________

It’s a common trope that eating a very low-calorie diet, or even fasting, will trigger “starvation mode”, where the body slows metabolism as a way to keep you from losing any more weight. “While there’s no such thing as ‘starvation mode’, there may be small changes to someone’s metabolic rate when they lose weight or go on a diet,” says Holmer. “It’s called adaptive thermogenesis—a process during which the body reduces its production of heat in order to conserve energy.” This phenomenon might explain why some people have a hard time keeping weight off, or even regain weight after dieting. Even though the change might not be that large—about 100 calories a day—it can still make a difference in the long term. Section III Translation

　　46. Directions:

Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on the

　　ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

　　Most people don’t want to talk about money on a first date, and it can be a bigger taboo in relationships than sex, politics or religion. But however unromantic, having conversations about how you manage your cash is important.

According to counselling service Relate, money worries are the most common reason for relationship difficulties. “Tackling the topic early on avoids the potential for resentments to emerge later and lead to more destructive arguments,” says a Relate counsellor, Peter Saddington.

　　Early on you could start by, for example, asking someone if they are a spender or saver, or what they dream of achieving with their money, in order to understand your respective financial situations. “If there are issues later—debts, bills, or how much you want to save, or not—it’s more likely to be something you can do successfully, without rupturing the relationship, as money is already a topic you discuss,” adds Saddington.

　　Section IV Writing

　　Part A

　　47. Directions:

　　Write a notice in the name of the Chinese Club in your university to recruit some Chinese teachers, who will be responsible for teaching Chinese to foreign members of the club. Specify the duties and requirements of the job.

　　Write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　Do not use your own name in the notice; use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)

　　Part B

　　48. Directions:

　　Write an essay based on the chart below. In your essay, you should

　　1) describe and interpret the chart, and

　　2) give your comments.

　　Write your answer in about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

　　全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）

　　Section I Use of English

　　【必备词汇】

[1] gastrointestinal adj.胃肠的 [2] tract n.（连通身体组织或器官的）道

　　[3] digestion n.消化

　　[4] release v.释放

　　[5] conventional adj.传统的

　　[6] bacteria n.细菌

　　1. 答案：C

　　【重点思路】

此题考查的是动词短语辨析。根据原文but之前的内容They might say “mind over matter,”得知：“思想胜过物质”，转折之后又跟着条件句but it seems if we don’t pay attention to the matter we put into our stomach—our gastrointestinal tract to be exact, it might 1 controlling our mind! “如果不注意我们摄入到胃肠道中的物质”，那么物质将会控制思想。所以可知物质控制思想应为“不注意我们摄入到胃肠道中的物质”的一个结果，因此选项[C] end up“最终达到（某结果）”为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】bring up意为“抚养（孩子）、提出（话题）”，无论哪个含义，都不符合物质与控制思想之间的主谓宾搭配关系，因此选项[A]可排除。

　　【B选项】make up意为“组成、构成、编造”，无论哪个含义，都不符合物质与控制思想之间的主谓宾搭配关系，因此选项[B]可排除。

　　【D选项】bring up意为“建造（建筑）、张贴（通知）、提供（钱）”，无论哪个含义，都不符合物质与控制思想之间的主谓宾搭配关系，因此选项[D]可排除。

　　2. 答案：B

　　【重点思路】

根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是动词词义辨析及主谓宾搭配。整个第二段从but转折处作为分水岭，but之前支持“心态胜过物质”，but之后支持“胃肠道中摄入的物质会胜过心态”。所以第二空处应符合stress, depression and other psychological factors这些心理因素可以____ gastrointestinal tract moves and contracts.胃肠道的反应，空格处需要填“胜过”的相关含义，因此选项[B] affect（影响）为正确选项，意为“心理因素可以影响胃肠道反应”。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】balance意为“平衡”。作者从开篇就一直在探讨心态与胃肠道中物质的对比，并未提及二者之间的此消彼长，需要平衡，因此选项[A]可排除。

　　【C选项】ensure意为“确保”。代入原文意为“心理因素确保了胃肠道反应”，既不符合常识，也不符合主谓宾搭配，因此选项[C]可排除。

　　【D选项】witness意为“目击、见证”。带入原文意为“心理因素见证了胃肠道反应”，既不符合常识，也不符合主谓宾搭配，故选项[D]排除。

　　答案：D

　　【重点思路】

根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是词组辨析、句间逻辑。原文中前一个句子stress, depression and other psychological factors affect gastrointestinal tract moves and contracts 大意为“心理因素可以影响胃肠反应”，本句表达“当……时，we might feel sick我们可能有胃肠道反应”，很明显与上个句子构成总分关系：本句例子用来证明前句观点。因此选项[D] for example为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】due to意为“由于”，表达因果关系，据分析空格前后句为总分关系，故选项[A]排除。

　　【B选项】on average意为“平均”，据分析空格前后句为总分关系，故选项[B]排除。

【C选项】by contrast意为“相比之下”，表达对比关系，据分析空格前后句为总分关系，故选项[C]排除。

　　4. 答案：A

　　【重点思路】

根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是动词辨析及总分例证关系。原文中前一个句子“stress, depression and other psychological factors affect gastrointestinal tract moves and contracts ”意为心理因素可以影响胃肠反应，本句表达“当……时（when we get______），我们可能有胃肠道反应（we might feel sick）”，很明显与上个句子构成总分关系：本句例子用来证明前句观点。所以本空时间状语从句中应该表达：，当我们感觉有压力时，因此选项[A] stressed为正确选项，解题线索为前文stress的原词复现。

　　【选项分析】

　　【B选项】divided意为“有分歧的”。上文中并未提及相关解题线索，因此选项[B]可排除。

　　【C选项】exhausted意为“疲劳的”。上文中并未提及相关解题线索，因此选项[C]可排除。

　　【D选项】excited意为“高兴的”。上文中并未提及相关解题线索，因此选项[D]可排除。

　　5. 答案：B

　　【重点思路】

根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是动词辨析及主谓宾搭配。破折号前提及“科学家们发现了通常被称为‘肠道大脑’的东西（...scientists now recognize something commonly called the “brain in your gut”...）”，破折号后的内容是对前文进一步阐述：two thin layers of nerve cells ___5___ in your gastrointestinal tract，需要填入原文的动词过去分词与其后的in your gastrointestinal tract构成了后置定语用来修饰空前的nerve cells，且表意应与前文一致，即此处的神经细胞应该是在胃肠道中“被发现”。很明显选项[B] found（被发现）为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】changed意为“改变”。神经细胞被在胃肠道中改变，不符合文意，因此选项[A]可排除。

　　【C选项】released 意为“释放”。神经细胞被在胃肠道中释放，不符合文意，因此选项[C]可排除。

　　【D选项】ignored意为“忽视”。神经细胞被在胃肠道中忽视，不符合文意，因此选项[D]可排除。

　　6. 答案：C

　　【重点思路】

根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是名词词义辨析。Its main ___ is controlling digestion...此处it指代前文中的“brain in your gut”，即two thin layers of nerve cells in your gastrointestinal tract（胃肠道中的神经细胞）。神经细胞与本空后文controlling digestion（控制消化），具体举例from swallowing food to releasing the enzymes之间的关系，明显应为神经细胞负责控制消化，神经细胞的作用/功能是负责控制消化，所以根据语义，选项[C] role为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】requirement意为“要求、需求”。神经细胞的要求是负责控制消化，不符合主谓宾搭配关系，因此选项A可排除。

　　【B选项】circle意为“圆圈、循环”。神经细胞的循环是负责控制消化，不符合主谓宾搭配关系，因此选项B可排除。

　　【D选项】action意为“行动”。神经细胞的行动是负责控制消化，不符合主谓宾搭配关系，因此选项D可排除。

　　7. 答案：A

　　【重点思路】

根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是固定搭配。本题解题线索为“from swallowing food to releasing the enzymes that break food ___7____, and then controlling the blood flow that helps our bodies ____8____ nutrients.”，本句描述的是人体从吃下食物到吸收营养的顺序和过程。第七空处于定语从句中，此从句用来修饰前文名词enzymes，即使本词为陌生词汇，也可以通过后文and then的顺承关系进行预判，只有食物分解才能产生营养。因此选项[A] break (food) down（分解）为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【B选项】break out 意为“爆发、突发”，不合文意，因此选项[B]排除。

　　【C选项】break away意为“脱离、逃跑”，不合文意，因此选项[C]排除。

　　【D选项】break up 意为“打碎、结束”，不合文意，因此选项[D]排除。

　　8. 答案：D

　　【重点思路】

根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是动词辨析。本题解题线索为“the blood flow that helps our bodies____8_____nutrients”，第八空位于修饰blood flow的定语从句中，意为“血液循环可以帮助身体___营养物质”，由help可知，对于身体起到积极作用，因此根据恰当主谓宾搭配关系：血液循环帮助身体，只可能是吸收营养物质，因此选项[D]为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】exclude意为“排除”。血液循环帮助身体排除营养物质，不符合主谓宾搭配，故选项[A]排除。

　　【B选项】determine意为“决定”。血液循环帮助身体决定营养物质，不符合主谓宾搭配，故选项[B]排除。

　　【C选项】enhance意为“提升”。血液循环帮助身体提升营养物质，不符合主谓宾搭配，故选项[C]排除。

　　9. 答案：B

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项可知：此题考查的是句间逻辑。本题目解题线索为空前空后两句的逻辑关系，空前It doesn’t really have thoughts，强调它不会像大脑一样思考，空后it does communicate with the brain in our heads，强调它会和大脑产生关联，两句之间明显存在反向关系，因此选项[B] but，表示转折关系，为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】since意为“自从、因为”。表示前后因果关系或时间关系，非反向关系，因此选项[A]可排除。

　　【C选项】unless 意为“除非”。表示前后条件关系，非反向关系，因此选项[C]可排除。

　　【D选项】because意为“因为”。表示前后因果关系，非反向关系，因此选项[D]可排除。

　　10. 答案：B

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是句间逻辑。本题目解题线索为前句And the communication goes both ways，意为“胃肠与大脑的沟通是双向的”，冒号后是对这种双向沟通的举例说明：like how thinking about eating can get the stomach to release digestive juices before food gets there（比如，想着吃东西可以让胃在食物到达之前释放消化液）。由此可知，思想可以控制胃肠。本空需继续解释说明前文，所以应填入：胃肠也能告诉大脑有何种感受，因此选项[B] also表示承接前文观点，为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】while意为“尽管、当……时”。表达让步或时间逻辑，不符合语意，因此选项[A]可排除。

　　【C选项】therefore意为“因此”。表达因果逻辑，不符合语意，因此选项[C]可排除。

　　【D选项】though意为“尽管”。表达让步逻辑，不符合语意，因此选项[D]可排除。

　　11.答案：D

　　【重点思路】

根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是名词辨析。本题目解题线索为破折号之前the gut may __10____ be able to tell the brain how to feel”，意为“肠道可以告诉大脑产生何种感受”，根据破折号的解释说明作用，后文中应与前文语意相同，所以破折号后提及到“irritation in the gastrointestinal system may send ____11____ to the brain that cause mood changes.”，意为“胃肠系统的刺激能够将___11___ 发送给大脑，进而产生情绪变化”，与前一句语意相同，都论述了胃肠对于大脑感受的影响。同时结合大脑功能是接受各种各样信号，并且产生相应感受这一常识，四个选项只有选项[D]合适，因此选项[D] signals（信号）为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】differences意为“差异、不同”。胃肠系统的刺激能够将差异发送给大脑，上文未提及到任何二者之间的差异，故A排除。

　　【B选项】connections意为“联系”。胃肠系统的刺激能够将联系发送给大脑，上文未提及到任何二者之间的联系，故B排除。

　　【C选项】awareness意为“意识”。胃肠系统的刺激能够将意识发送给大脑，上文未提及到胃肠系统直接具备意识，故C排除。

　　12. 答案：A

　　【重点思路】

根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是名词辨析。本题的解题线索为前句的therapies that help the gut may help the brain, and vice versa（帮助肠道的疗法也可以有助于头脑，反之亦然），也就是帮助头脑的疗法也可以有助于肠道，又根据“So antidepressants or psychotherapy might be used as a ___12___ for gastrointestinal problems”因果关系连接词so，可知后文应该同向顺承阐述带来的结果：心理疗法能够帮助解决肠道问题，等同于心理疗法是肠道问题的治疗方式，因此选项[A ]treatment为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【B选项】foundation意为“基础”，心理疗法是肠道问题的基础，主谓宾不搭配，因此选项B可排除。

【C选项】strategy意为“战略、策略”。心理疗法是肠道问题的策略，主谓宾不搭配，战略策略不符合疾病治疗的语境，因此选项C可排除。

　　【D选项】principle意为“原理、原则”。心理疗法是肠道问题的原则，主谓宾不搭配，因此选项D可排除。

　　13.答案：A

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是动词辨析。根据原文“Harvard Medical School also __13____ that studies have found that...”，根据主谓宾搭配，同时兼顾并列关系词also，可知与上文同向关系，前文都是Pasricha says，可知本处应该是Harvard Medical School表达观点，因此选项[A] notes（指出）为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【B选项】denies意为“否认”，表达不同意前文观点，与分析相矛盾，因此选项[B]可排除。

　　【C选项】confuses意为“混淆、迷惑”，主谓宾无法构成恰当搭配，因此选项[C]可排除。

　　【D选项】rejects 意为“拒绝”，表达不同意前文观点，与分析相矛盾，故选项[D]排除。

　　14. 答案：C

　　【重点思路】

根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是名词辨析、固定搭配。本题解题线索为“psychotherapy in ___14___ with conventional medicine helps people with gastrointestinal problems more than medicine alone”，本句中对两种治疗方法进行了比较，心理疗法______常规药物与只有药物之间作比较，通过alone提示前文应该是两种方法比单纯一种方法作用更好，因此选项[C] combination 可以构成in combination with的固定搭配，表示“结合”，为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】compensation意为“赔偿”。不符合重点思路中的分析，且无法构成恰当的固定搭配，因此选项[A]可排除。

　　【B选项】complication意为“使情况复杂化的因素”。不符合重点思路中的分析，且无法构成恰当的固定搭配，因此选项[B]可排除。

　　【D选项】collection意为“一批物品；一群人”。不符合重点思路中的分析，且无法构成恰当的固定搭配，故选项[D]排除。

　　15. 答案：B

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是句间逻辑。本题解题线索为Pasricha says the digestive system may even affect thinking and memory, ___15___ more research is needed，需要判断空格前后的逻辑关系，空格前表示消化系统可以影响思考和记忆，空格后表示还需要进一步研究，给出实验结论与需要进一步研究之间必然为反向关系，因此选项[B] though表示让步关系，为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】until意为“直到……时”。表示时间逻辑，不表示反向关系，因此选项[A]可排除。

　　【C选项】indeed 意为“确实”。表示递进逻辑，不表示反向关系，因此选项[C]可排除。

　　【D选项】if意为“如果”。表示条件逻辑，不表示反向关系，因此选项[D]可排除。

　　16. 答案：A

　　【重点思路】

根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是名词辨析。本题目解题线索为上文“irritation in the gastrointestinal system may send ___11____ to the brain that cause mood changes”，既然肠道刺激能够引起情绪变化，所以此句中“And other research has shown that gut bacteria may affect the stress __16___ and sociability of mice”，and表示观点同前，因此肠道细菌可以影响压力水平的高低，因此选项[A] levels为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【B选项】ranges意为“范围”。文中并未提及压力包括哪些范围，因此选项[B]可排除。

　　【C选项】sources意为“来源、源头”。文中并未提及压力从哪些源头中而来，因此选项[C]

　　可排除。

　　【D选项】advantage意为“优势”。文中并未提及压力有任何的优势，故选项[D]排除。

　　17. 答案：C

　　【重点思路】

根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是动词辨析。本题目解题线索为“And other research has shown that gut bacteria may affect the stress ___16___ and sociability of mice. However, the idea that the gut can directly affect the working of the brain hasn’t been ___17___ by all scientists”，其中转折关系however前后为反向关系，前文说肠道可以影响大脑，其后必然应该选择肠道影响大脑的证据并不充分，这才能构成反向关系。所以这一结论并未被所有科学家认可，因此选项[C] accepted（接受）为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】decided意为“决定”。无法与前文构成恰当的反向转折关系，因此选项A可排除。

【B选项】stressed意为“强调”。无法与前文构成恰当的反向转折关系，因此选项B可排除。

　　【D选项】studied意为“学习、研究”。无法与前文构成恰当的反向转折关系，因此选项D可排除。

　　18. 答案：D

　　【重点思路】

　　根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是形容词辨析。本题目解题线索为“the idea that the gut can directly affect the working of the brain hasn’t been ___17___ by all scientists — and some argue that as most results have come from experiments in mice, the human connection is __18___”，其中破折号表示解释说明关系，意味着其前后语意基本一致，破折号前既然提到了并非所有科学家都达成共识了，那么之后也应该如此。所以一些科学家认为尽管老鼠身上得到了证实，人类身上一定还未可知，因此选项[D] unclear（不明确的）为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】unconscious (to do sth)意为“无意识的”。人类身上肠道与大脑的联系是无意识的不符合正常主系表搭配关系，故A排除。

　　【B选项】undoubted意为“无疑的”。人类身上肠道与大脑的联系是无疑的，与重点思路中分析的逻辑关系相反，故B排除。

　　【C选项】unhealthy意为“不健康的”。人类身上肠道与大脑的联系是不健康的，不符合正常主系表搭配关系，故C排除。

　　19. 答案：C

　　【重点思路】

根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是动词辨析。本题目解题线索为“Some also ___19__ that the idea that gut health can affect brain health might encourage companies to try selling useless dietary ____20____ as cures for depression”，其中既然说到肠道健康可以影响大脑健康的想法可以鼓励公司卖无作用的饮食___治愈抑郁症，其中useless就表达了这些科学家的担忧之情，因此选项[C] worry为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】abolish意为“废除”。科学家废除一个观点，不符合主谓宾搭配，故选项[A]排除。

　　【B选项】support 意为“支持”。科学家支持一个观点，与后文的useless逻辑冲突，因此选项[B]可排除。

　　【D选项】advocate意为“宣传、鼓吹”。科学家宣传一个观点与后文的useless逻辑冲突，因此选项[D]可排除。

　　20. 答案：D

　　【重点思路】

根据选项的词性可知：此题考查的是名词辨析。本题目解题线索为“Some also ___19___ that the idea that gut health can affect brain health might encourage companies to try selling useless dietary ___20___ as cures for depression”，通过上道题目的分析：肠道健康可以影响大脑健康的想法可以鼓励公司卖无作用的饮食___治愈抑郁症，其中useless就表达了这些科学家的担忧之情，证明20空所填内容并不能治疗抑郁症，同时兼顾名词选择时候的语境通顺，因此选项[D] supplements为正确选项，“dietary supplements”表达“膳食补充剂”这一生活中常用概念。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】interference意为“干涉、干扰”，不符合出现的语境，故选项[A]排除。

　　【B选项】application意为“申请、应用”，不符合出现的语境，故选项[B]排除。

　　【C选项】necessities意为“必要性、必需品”，不符合出现的语境，故选项[C]排除。

　　Section II Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Text 1

　　【必备词汇】

　　reverseadj. 反向的，相反的

　　migration n. 迁移；迁徙

　　summon v. 召唤，召集

　　remoteadj. 远程的

　　pandemicn. 流行病

demonstrate v. 证明

　　flaw n. 瑕疵，缺点

　　essential adj. 至关重要的，必不可少的

　　publish v. 出版

　　retailern.零售商

　　interactionn.互动

　　inhibitv. 阻碍，抑制

　　collaboratev. 合作

　　assistance n.帮助

　　feedback n.反馈

　　colleague n.同事

　　document v. 记录

　　virtuen.美德，优点

　　commute v. 通勤，上下班往返

concentration n.专注，专心

　　survey n.调查

　　satisfyv. 满足，使满意

　　slightly adv. 轻微地，稍微

　　pay n. 工资，薪水

　　accelerate v. 加速

　　dismiss v. 解雇，开除

　　necessary adj. 必要的

　　suppress v. 抑制，压制

　　compromise v. 损害，妥协

　　undesirable adj.不良的；不想要的

　　beneficial adj.有益的；有利的

　　ambiguous adj.不明确的；模棱两可的

　　sarcastic adj.讽刺的

　　21.【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

根据题干中关键词Wall Street companies，可定位至文章第一段第二句。本句通过华尔街公司和许多科技巨头现在采取的行为论证正在发生的一个现象，即疫情后需要开始从远程工作改变为返回办公室工作。其中华尔街公司做的事情为积极召唤员工回到办公室，选项[D]“要求员工返回办公室工作”表达的含义与原文相符，故正确。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】该选项意思为“号召员工每周在办公室工作三天”，虽在定位句有提及，但并非是华尔街公司采取的做法，而是出自苹果、谷歌、Meta等科技巨头采取的做法，且它们要求的是员工每周至少有三天到办公室上班（havedemandedstaff show up to the office at least three days a week），故而排除。

　　【B选项】该选项意思为“越来越依赖Zoom”。该选项的相关信息出自本段第一句，但句中“一场逆向演变正在进行中，人们从Zoom平台回到会议室开会”，强调的是办公场所逐渐从远程办公变为办公室办公，即人们不再那么依赖线上办公的渠道，选项表达与原文含义相反，故而排除。

　　【C选项】该选项意思为“加快了解雇员工的速度”。第一段讨论的是办公场所的变化以及对员工效率的影响，并未提及到员工解雇的问题，故排除。

【D选项】该选项意思为“要求员工返回办公室工作”，出自第一段第二句Wall Street firms have been among the most forceful  in summoning workers to their offices，即华尔街公司一直是最积极召唤员工回到办公室的力量之一，[D] 选项是对原文的正确改写，故而正确。

　　22.【此题考点】

　　例证题

　　【重点思路】

　　根据题干中“...is mentioned to show...”，可以判断本题为例证题，考查的是对于论点和论据的区分。根据题干中关键词题the paper及the Federal Reserve Bank of New York，可定位至第二段第二句，第二句至第四句均在讨论纽约联邦储备银行发表论文的相关内容，为论据，需要进一步寻找论据证明的论点。考虑到第五句至第六句是另外两项研究的研究结论，可以判断论点句为本段首句，即“对居家办公支持者来说，新研究大多与他们的观点相悖，研究表明尽管办公室办公有很多缺点，但仍然至关重要”。故选项[B]“尽管存在缺点，但在办公室工作仍然是必不可少的”表达的含义与原文相符，为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】该选项意思为“一家线上零售商的工作效率下降了”，出自第二段第二句。本句提及到一家从办公室办公改为家中办公的在线零售商，其员工在每小时处理电话上的工作效率下降了4%。因而该选项仅仅出自论据本身，故而排除。

　　【B选项】该选项意思为“尽管存在缺点，但在办公室工作仍然是必不可少的”。该选项的相关信息出自本段第一句，这也是第二段的论点句。句中提到这些新研究表明尽管办公室办公有很多缺点，但仍然至关重要（new studies mostly runcounterto this, showing that offices, for all theirflaws, remainessential），[B]选项表达与论点含义相符，故而正确。

　　【C选项】该选项意思为“员工的工作质量没有受到在家工作的影响”。根据本段第二句，从纽约联邦储备银行发表的论文结论可以得出，线上零售商的员工的确因为在家办公，工作效率下降。[C] 选项表达与原文含义相反，故而排除。

　　【D选项】该选项意思为“视频会议抑制创造性思维”，为第二段第六句设置的干扰项，句中提到还有一项研究通过实验室实验证明，视频会议会抑制创造性思维。第六句与第二句“纽约联邦储备银行发表的论文”构成的逻辑关系为并列关系，而不是论点与论据的逻辑关系， 故而排除。

　　23.【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

　　根据题干中关键词a weakness及remoteworking，可定位至文章第三段第二句至第六句。其中第二句是在整体概述远程办公的不足之处，第三句至第六句则是通过各项研究具体的论述远程办公不足之处的表现。因而，远程办公的缺点整体而言就是第二句所提到的，人们在远程办公时更难在家里进行协作和交流。故选项[B]“同事间的合作将受到影响”表达的含义与原文相符，为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】该选项意思为“同事间的合作将受到影响”，出自第三段第二句。本句提到了人们在远程办公时会更难进行协作和交流（It is harder for people tocollaborateand communicate from home.），其中就包括了协作会变得更难，因而该选项为正确选项。

【B选项】该选项意思为“餐桌的工作环境是不理想的”，为第三段第一句设置的干扰项。句中提到对于这几年大部分时间都在家餐桌上办公的人来说，这些研究结果可能不会令他们感到意外，这里的“anyone who has spent much of the past few years working from a dining-room table”是在代指疫情期间在家工作多年的工作者，而不是在强调餐桌本身的工作环境是不理想的，故而排除。

　　【C选项】该选项意思为“员工快速地遗忘了工作技能”，出自第三段第五句至第六句。这两句是在对比远程工作者和办公室办公者在学习能力上的差距，远程工作者学习能力相对下降，而办公室办公者则可以更快地掌握了技能。因而只能得出远程工作者学习技能速度较慢，而不是遗忘工作技能更快，故而排除[C] 选项。

　　【D选项】该选项意思为“软件工程师坚持在家工作”，为第三段第四句设置的干扰项，句中提到在4月份发表的一项关于软件工程师的研究中，研究者发现，在转向远程工作后，同事之间的交流反馈大幅下降。本句是通过一项研究发现，论证居家办公对于软件工程师在交流反馈上的负面影响，而并没有提到软件工程师主观上对于居家办公的情感倾向，故而排除。

　　24.【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

　　根据题干中关键词the advantages及working from home，可定位至文章第四段第一句，分别改写成了第一句中的the greatestvirtue及remotework。第一句指出，也许居家远程工作最大的好处是能使员工更幸福。本段后续则进一步展开居家办公是通过哪些渠道增加人们的幸福感，其中包括减少通勤时间、更好地接送孩子上学和预约时间看医生及完成一些需要长时间不间断集中注意力的任务等。故选项[D]“这有利于人们的幸福感”是出自第一句对于居家办公益处的整体概括，为正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】该选项意思为“它可以提高员工的工作效率”，为第四段第二句设置的干扰项。尽管第二句which from theirvantage-point might feel like an increase in productivity有提到工作效率的提升，但这是从员工的视角来看待，而不是作者的观点，故而排除。

　　【B选项】该选项意思为“一些困难的工作任务需要开放式的办公室”，为第四段第四句设置的干扰项。本句指出，一些任务——尤其是那些需要长时间不间断集中注意力的任务——通常在家里比在开放式办公室里更容易顺利完成。尽管可以将“困难的任务”理解为“需要长时间不间断集中注意力的任务”的改写，但这种工作任务更需要的是在家办公而不是开放式办公室。[B] 选项表达与文中含义不符，故而排除。

　　【C选项】该选项意思为“人们不太可能生病和去看医生”，为第四段第三句设置的干扰项。本句是在进一步指出远程办公如何增加人们的幸福感，即可以更容易地预约看医生的时间，这不等于人们就不太容易生病和看医生，故而排除。

　　【D选项】该选项意思为“这有利于人们的幸福感”，出自文章第四段第一句。本句中的it leads to happier employees，可以得出，远程工作最大的好处是能使员工更幸福。[D] 选项表达与之相符，故而正确。

　　25.【此题考点】

　　态度题

　　【重点思路】

　　本题问的是作者对于在办公室办公的态度，也就是询问作者对文章主题持有的态度。根据题干中关键词the last Paragraph及working in the office，可定位至文章第五段第三句。第一句及第二句是在阐述居家办公对于部分员工甚至企业管理者来说都是件好事。但在第三句通过转折词，转而提出“办公室办公意味着更高的生产效率”，由此可以看出作者对于办公室办公持有肯定的态度，故答案为选项[D]。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】该选项意思为“不明确的；模棱两可的”，为客观态度，故而排除。

　　【B选项】该选项意思为“批判的”，为负态度，故而排除。

　　【C选项】该选项意思为“漠不关心的”，为负态度，故而排除。

　　【D选项】该选项意思为“支持的”，为正态度，与作者态度一致，为正确选项。

　　Text 2

　　【必备词汇】

　　[1] academic adj. 学术的

　　[2] adverse adj. 不利的

　　[3] aesthetic adj. 审美的

　　[4] toxin n. 毒素

　　[5] physically adv. 身体上

　　[6] disable v. 残疾

　　[7] depression n. 抑郁

　　[8] emerge v. 出现

　　[9] license v.颁发执照

　　[10] extent n. 程度

　　[11] regulate v. 监管

　　[12] misleading adj. 误导的

　　[13] privilege n. 权威

　　26.【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

　　根据题干中关键词，可定位至文章第一段，本段首句指出一项新的学术研究——英国有史以来规模最大的研究——探索了遭受美容医学（以下简称医美）不良事件的个体的经历。（A new academic study...has explored the experiences of individuals who suffered an adverse event of the aesthetic medicine），对应选项B，其中the bad consequence 是对文中an adverse event的同义替换，因此为正确答案。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】文章首句指出英国这项研究提出患者经历医美的不良结果，与选项内容医美对公众健康有益（it has suggested the aesthetic medicine is good for public health）正好相反，因此排除。

【C选项】文章第一段句2提及该项研究揭露了在英国病人所面临的挑战：即不良后果以及寻求支持时会有挑战（the study revealed the challenges that patients in the UK can face from both adverse effects and when trying to access support），但并未提及挑战英国权威，因此排除。

　　【D选项】该选项依然是针对首段句2设置干扰，文章并未提及该项研究收到负面评价以及支持，选项内容是对文章信息进行错乱重组，因此排除。

　　27.【此题考点】

　　推断题

　　【重点思路】

根据题干可定位至文章第二段。该段前两句指出也许更令人担忧的是，报告还指出，对药品和卫生监管机构（MHRA）的报告结构缺乏认识（it also noted a significant lack of awareness about Medicines and Health Regulatory Agency’s (MHRA) reporting structures），句2进一步指出：与此同时，英国相关行业也需要监管，这被视为一个重大的公共卫生挑战。（This was coupled with the need for regulation within the UK’s relative sector, which has been deemed a significant public health challenge.）也就是针对上文谈到的医美行业英国需要给予监管，因此对应选项A，为正确答案。

　　【选项分析】

　　【B选项】第二段首句谈到公众对药品和卫生监管机构（MHRA）的报告结构缺乏认识，也就是说人们的意识不足，而不是误解报告，因此属于偷换概念，故排除。

　　【C选项】文章在第二段句3确实谈到有287名参与者回答了所遇问题（with 287(44%) of respondents completing all questions），但总计涉及655位参与者（There were 655 responses received in the study），选项意为“调查整体只有287位”，明显是对文意曲解，因此排除。

　　【D选项】文章第二段最后一句话提及英国官方承认的不良事件报告严重不足（This immediately suggests a significant under-reporting of officially recognized adverse events within the UK），under-reporting指的是报道不充分，但并未提及是否产生误导倾向（the report of the MHRA was misleading），属于推断过度，故排除。

　　28.【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

根据题干中关键词The most noticeable feature可知定位到文章第二段句4，其中noticeable是原文striking的同义替换，该句指出这项研究最显著的特征之一是报告不良结果的患者数量（the number of patients reporting an adverse outcome），对应选项D为正确答案。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】付出高额费用参与者的数量。

　　【B选项】回答问题患者的数量。

　　【C选项】报告所涉及参与者的数量。

　　三个选项在文章第二、三段均有提及，但并非题目考点最明显的特征（the most noticeable feature），属于答非所问，故排除。

　　29.【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

根据题干中关键词The reason of the depression and anxiety，可定位至文章第四段，句1给出导致抑郁的原因造成这种焦虑的原因是，有相当一部分受访者不知道是谁在管理美学产业，而且困惑比比皆是（Contributing to this anxiety, a concerning number of respondents did not know who regulates the aesthetics industry, and confusion abounds.），因此选项C“谁应该监管医美产业”，为正确答案。

　　【选项分析】

【A选项】选项A对应第四段最后两句话，文中谈到正如从业人员所知，在英国，治疗后出现的并发症应通过黄卡报告计划报告给 MHRA（As practitioners will know, in the UK, complications that arise following the administration of botulinum toxin should be reported to MHRA via the Yellow Card Reporting Scheme），然而，虽然 MHRA 通过增加黄卡计划的可及性来应对日益增加的毒素注射需求，但92% 的参与者报告说，他们的从业人员没有告诉他们这一点（92% of participants reported that their practitioner did not inform them about it），毒素注射并不能代表整个医美行业的风险，选项A从业者并未告知患者医美风险，属于过度推断，因此排除。

　　【B选项】选项B对应文章第三段段尾，该句指出报告中最常见的事件是焦虑和疼痛——第二常见的是头痛、惊恐发作和抑郁（the most common event reported was anxiety, alongside pain--the second most common-headache, panic attacks, and depression），因此抑郁是结果，故排除。

【D选项】对应文章第四段倒数第二句话，在英国，治疗后出现的并发症应通过黄卡报告计划报告给 MHRA（As practitioners will know, in the UK, complications that arise following the administration of botulinum toxin should be reported to MHRA via the Yellow Card Reporting Scheme），因此选项D并发症应报告给MHRA符合文章信息，但这并不是病人抑郁的原因，属于答非所问，因此排除。

　　30.【此题考点】

　　主旨题

　　【重点思路】

　　根据题干考点，主旨题需要针对全篇文章各个段落总结得出。文章第一段谈到英国推出一项医美行业对个人不利影响的学术研究，并指出医美对人们身体、心理、情感以及经济方面均有影响，且人们并不知道何时获取支持。第二段指出英国需要针对医美行业给出监管，并用数据进一步论证，段尾再次总结英国官方承认的不良事件报告严重不足，患者有长期的不良反应，身体或心理无法恢复。第三段分析除了身体和情绪外，费用也是医美带来的另一问题。第四段分析人们无法恢复的原因主要是因为不知道谁应该来负责监管，困惑比比皆是。最后一段指出当患者被问及为什么不寻求帮助时，出现了缺乏信任、缺乏意识或担心他们的医疗保健专业人员不相信他们等原因。最后作者给出引入许可证制度是朝着正确方向迈出的一步，但希望这项研究的结果将有助于了解挑战的程度。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】选项“医美行业的潜力”属于对文章大意的反向理解，文章更多都在通过英国这项最大学术研究提出该行业存在的巨大挑战，而非行业潜力和发展，故排除。

　　【B选项】文章第二段确实提及患者对MNHRA给出的报告结构不了解导致各种问题，但并未引申到投诉化妆品毒素，属于未提及选项，故排除。

　　【C选项】文章虽然多次提到MHRA，且提及大众对报告结构缺乏了解，但文章整体讨论的都是医美行业中病人面对的巨大挑战，而非由MHRA导致的巨大问题，歪曲文章信息，故排除。

　　Text 3

　　【必备词汇】

　　[1]scoffv.嘲笑；讥讽

　　[2]reliancen.依赖

　　[3]airconditioning空调

　　[4]pervasiveadj.遍布的

　　[5]epidemicn.（疾病的）流行；传播

　　[6]menacen.威胁

　　[7]exceedinglyadv.非常；极其

　　[8]humidadj.潮湿的

　　[9]permanentadj.永久的

　　[10]consultationn.咨询

[11] insurmountable adj. 无法解决的

　　[12]sustainabilityn.持续性

　　[13]relativelyadv.相对而言

　　31.【此题考点】

　　例证题

　　【重点思路】

　　根据题干中关键词Gwyn Prins，可定位至文章第一段第二句；又因为本题是例证题，例子的出现是为了证明文中某个论点。第一段中作者引用剑桥经济学家Gwyn Prins的警告主要是为了证明第一句：欧洲的领导人和学者一直在取笑美国对空调的依赖，并将之视作美式浪费的又一例证。经济学家Gwyn Prins则是上述学者的代表，他认为，（美国人）的“空调上瘾症”是现代美国最普遍却最不为人注意的流行病，由此可知，作者意在展现欧洲政界和学术界对美国人广泛使用空调这一现象是持否定态度的，因此选项A正确。

　　【选项分析】

　　【B选项】much-argued 意为“备受争议的”，与原文least noticed相矛盾，故排除。

　　【C选项】意为：欧洲人准备好接受空调了，虽然与第一段第三句信息有重合，但该句不是31题干中的人物Gwyn Prins被引用的目的。

　　【D选项】意为：当代美国人对空调上瘾，虽然与第一段第二句信息有重合，但这是例子的内容，而不是该例子被引用的目的。

　　32.【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

　　根据题干关键词European household, air conditioning, because 可以判断本题是原因细节题。题干“European households aren’t equipped with air conditioning（欧洲的家庭没有配备空调机）”是第二段第一句：it is exceedingly rare to find AC units in homes的同义改写，但第二段并没有提到这个现象的原因，真正的原因在第三段第一句话。该句提到：部分原因是，从历史数据来看，德克萨斯州的巴黎比法国的巴黎更需要制冷。接下来进一步解释，欧洲国家虽然夏天也很热，但是很少会达到美国南部那种持续的高温，也就是说和美国以及其他国家相比，欧洲的夏天没那么难熬，因此C选项是正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】意为：罗马的空气几乎像华盛顿一样潮湿，与原文信息（第三段第三句）矛盾，故排除。

　　【B选项】通过同根词simple, simply（出自第三段第一句） 进行混淆，该选项意为：在法国制冷要比美国简单。但原文意为：德克萨斯州的巴黎（注：在美国）比法国的巴黎更需要制冷，信息不符，故排除。

　　【D选项】意为：欧洲的办公室已经安装了空调，与原文信息相符，但并不是欧洲家庭没有安装空调的原因，答非所问，故排除。

　　33.【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

　　根据题干关键词consultations, Salmon’s compan 可以定位到第五段第一句话。该句提到Salmon的公司在平常的夏天，每天能收到20个订单咨询，但是上周订单咨询涨到300个，人们对空调的需求急剧上升。这一数字的对比证明了Salmon 的言论，即人们开始认识到以后酷暑在欧洲会是常态，并且他们急切地想要找到一个一劳永逸的解决方案。不难看出，这个解决方案就是空调。因此选项A：欧洲人开始接受使用空调的必要性（欧洲人开始认为使用空调是必要的。）符合文意，是正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【B选项】first-aid measure 意为急救措施，与文中permanent solution长久之计相矛盾，因此排除。

　　【C选项】来自第四段，是对第四段to some nursing homes in a bid to protect the most vulnerable和a heat wave killed ... people的拼凑，与原文不符，故排除。

　　【D选项】意为：欧洲这个夏天没什么不同。根据原文 a “normal” summer 与 over the past week 的对比，可知欧洲这个夏天不太正常（气温），因此选项D错误，予以排除。

　　34.【此题考点】

　　推断题

　　【重点思路】

　　第五段段末提到，在英国安装空调最大的问题，如果需要安装空调的房子被列为保护区，或者是公寓大楼，那么通常要面临政府的繁文缛节。因此选项D：空调的安装可能会遇到一些行政手续的问题，符合文意，是正确选项。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】原文提到在英国安装空调并不是无法解决的问题，不代表没有问题，与文意不符，故排除。

　　【B选项】文中提到，公寓大楼安装空调，那么通常要面临政府的繁文缛节，但不代表完全不能安装，与文意不符，故排除。

　　【C选项】意为：除了年代久远的房子，其他英国的房子都可以安装空调，与原文信息不符。原文提到“尽管英国的房子年代久远，但安装中央空调还是可以做到的”。

　　35.【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

　　根据题文同序的原则和题干关键词despite, worries 可以定位至第六段，第六段首句提到，在整个欧洲大陆空调使用的增加引发了关于可持续性的巨大问题，紧接着提到了国际能源署和各国政府对于能源问题的担忧，而第六段末尾则话锋一转，指出无论如何，欧洲都会安装空调。由此可知，在欧洲政府以及国际社会存在着对于能源可持续性的担忧，选项B是正确答案。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】未提到对全球需求的担忧。

　　【C选项】虽然气温升高确实引人担忧，但并不是安装空调所要克服的，答非所问，故排除。

　　【D选项】未提到对冰山的担忧。

　　Text 4

　　【必备词汇】

　　[1] take off v. 流行

　　[2] mount v. 安装，装置

　　[3] pump out v. 排放

　　[4] scent n. 香气

　　[5] breeze n. 微风

　　[6] peculiarity n. 独特之处

　　[7] balcony n. 阳台，楼座

　　[8] faint adj. 微弱的

　　[9] irritatingly adv. 令人不悦地

　　[10] persistent adj. 持久的

　　[11] cutting-edge adj. 尖端的

　　[12] virtual reality n. 虚拟现实

　　[13] wearable adj. 可穿戴的

　　[14] interface n. 接口，界面

　　[15] plaster n. 膏药，石膏

　　[16] attach v. 附加

　　[17] moustache n. 小胡子

　　[18] face mask n. 面具，口罩

　　[19] tile n. 瓷砖，瓦片

　　[20] wax n. 石蜡

　　[21] impregnate v. 浸透，灌输

　　[22] perfume n. 香水，香气

　　[23] mint n. 薄荷

　　[24] generators n. 生成器

　　[25] beat v. 击败

　　[26] startup n. 创业公司

　　[27] refillable adj. 可再装的

　　[28] container n. 容器

　　[29] release v. 发布，推出

　　[30] fuss n. 大惊小怪，忙乱

　　[31] compelling adj. 引人入胜的

　　[32] evocative adj. 唤起回忆的

[33] tricky adj. 棘手的

　　[34] wavelength n. 波长

[35] straightforward adj. 简单明了的

　　[36] chemical bond n. 化学键

　　[37] smelly adj. 难闻的

　　[38] implement v. 实施，执行

　　[39] allergic adj. 过敏的

　　[40] stimulate v. 刺激，激发

　　[41] compatible adj. 兼容的

　　36.【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

　　文章第一段中提到：The system had its particularities. Those in the balcony complained that the smells reached them too late. Others found the scents to be too faint, or else irritatingly persistent. 根据描述，可以找到Smell-O-Vision系统的主要缺点就是气味传播抵达的时间不一致，因此正确选项为C。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】文章未提及Smell-O-Vision过于昂贵。

　　【B选项】文章没有提到观众在观看Smell-O-Vision时出现过敏反应。

　　【C选项】正确答案。文章明确提到楼座上的观众抱怨气味到达太晚。

　　【D选项】文章没有提到观众需要佩戴不舒服的面具。

　　37.【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

　　文章第二段中提到：Both rely on heating tiny tiles of wax that have been impregnated with various liquid perfumes.根据描述，可以找到这些设备如何生成气味的方式，因此正确选项为B。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】文章提到这个产品可以生成大量气味，但没有明确说它的主要优势是什么。

　　【B选项】正确答案。文章明确提到这些可穿戴设备使用小巧的已浸渍液体香水的石蜡小块进行加热来生成气味。

　　【C选项】文章没有提到这些设备直接刺激用户的嗅觉。

　　【D选项】文章没有提到这些设备使用液体香水来产生气味。

　　38.【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】

　　文章第三段中提到：Its headset uses a system of refillable containers, each of which can make thousands of scents.根据描述，可以找到OVR的ION3产品的主要优势，因此正确答案为A。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】正确答案。文章提到OVR公司的产品可以生成大量气味，而ION3是公司旗下产品，可得知选项描述为产品的优势。

　　【B选项】文章没有提到OVR的ION3产品是最 实惠的气味技术。

　　【C选项】文章提到OVR的ION3产品可以与现有的游戏创作工具轻松连接，但并非与所有都适配。

　　【D选项】文章没有提到这个产品可以用于传统电影院。

　　39.【此题考点】

　　细节题

　　【重点思路】文章第四段中提到：Odours are famously evocative. The part of the brain that processes them connects directly to parts associated with emotions and memory.根据描述，可以找到虚拟世界中的气味对用户产生独特影响的原因，判定A为正确答案。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】正确答案。文章提到气味与大脑中负责情感和记忆的部分直接相连。

　　【B选项】文章没有提到气味比视觉效果更可预测。

　　【C选项】文章没有提到气味比颜色和声音更容易控制。

　　【D选项】文章没有提到气味不基于直接的科学原则。

　　40.【此题考点】

　　主旨题

　　【重点思路】文章全文都涉及Smell-O-Vision，可穿戴 olfaction interfaces和虚拟世界中的气味技术，根据全文内容，包括文章开头提到的 Smell-O-Vision，可穿戴 olfaction interfaces，以及虚拟世界中的气味，可以得出文章的中心主题，因此D为正确答案。

　　【选项分析】

　　【A选项】文章提到 Smell-O-Vision但没有以其成功为中心主题。

　　【B选项】文章提到 OVR 和其他虚拟现实公司之间的竞争，但不是中心主题。

　　【C选项】文章提到虚拟现实在娱乐行业的历史，但不是中心主题。

　　【D选项】正确答案。文章的中心主题是关于气味技术在虚拟现实中的挑战和潜力。

　　Part B

　　【重点思路】

　　【41题】本段提到“坏消息是，如果你还没有这样做：五个可能实际上是最低限度的。五份的建议是合理的，但也有些武断”，还提到“许多研究发现，大约这个数字与改善健康有关，但也有证据表明，每天最多吃10份这些食物是有益的。一般来说，那些吃更多水果和蔬菜的人患认知能力下降、痴呆和糖尿病的风险更低，甚至可能会感受到更低的压力水平”由此可知，本段主旨在说明吃蔬菜和水果的分量，故E为答案选项。

　　【42题】本段提“看看奥运举重运动员，尽管她的身材无可否认很好，但她的肩膀比成千上万的男人要小，在挺举上她可以毫不费力地超过他们”。这段驳斥了“举重会使你变得笨重”选项G 与此相符合，故G为答案选项。

　　【43题】本段提到“传统上，红肉经常被建议不要吃，因为它含有大量饱和脂肪——但事实并非如此简单”。同时还提到“但现在人们普遍认为，红肉与疾病风险之间的关联可能是混淆的，因为许多研究没有区分加工红肉（培根、香肠、汉堡和熟食肉）和未加工红肉的摄入量”。本段驳斥了“红肉对你不好”，选项A与此相符合，故A为答案选项。

　　【44题】本段提到“但事实是，你是否有明显的腹肌，更多的是与你的身体脂肪水平和你倾向于储存脂肪的部位有关，而不是你做了多少次仰卧起坐”。本段驳斥了“腹部锻炼可以练出六块腹肌”，选项D与此相符合，故D为答案选项。

　　【45题】本段提到“这是一个常见的比喻，吃非常低卡路里的饮食，甚至禁食，会引发‘饥饿模式’，身体减缓新陈代谢，以此阻止你再减重。霍尔默表示，虽然没有所谓的‘饥饿模式’，但当人们减肥或节食时，他们的代谢率可能会发生微小的变化”。本段驳斥了“节食会减缓你的新陈代谢”，故答案为B。

Section III Translation

　　【第一句考点】介宾结构，比较结构

　　【必备词汇】

　　[1] date n. 约会

　　[2] taboo n. 禁忌

　　[3] politics n. 政治

　　[4] religion n. 宗教

　　【第一句翻译】 大部分人在第一次约会时不想谈钱，在人际关系中，比起性、政治或宗教，谈钱会是一个更加禁忌的话题。

　　【第二句考点】让步状语从句，宾语从句，非谓语结构

　　【必备词汇】

　　[1] unromantic adj. 没情调的

　　[2] conversation n. 谈话

　　[3] cash n. 金钱

　　【第二句翻译】 然而，无论多么没有情调，谈谈如何管理自己手上的钱却是十分重要的。

　　【第三句考点】介宾结构

　　【必备词汇】

　　[1] counselling n. 咨询

　　[2] common adj. 普遍的

　　【第三句翻译】 根据咨询服务公司瑞雷特的调查显示，金钱焦虑是造成关系紧张的最为普遍的原因。

　　【第四句考点】非谓语结构，介宾结构

　　【必备词汇】

　　[1] tackle v. 解决

　　[2] early on 在早期

　　[3] potential n. 可能性

　　[4] resentment n. 怨恨

　　[5] emerge v. 出现

[6] destructive adj. 破坏性的，毁灭性的

　　[7] counsellor n. 顾问

　　【第四句翻译】 该公司顾问彼得·撒丁顿说道，为了避免后期可能出现的怨恨情绪，以及所带来的更具毁灭性的争执，我们需要在早期就解决金钱焦虑这一问题。

　　【第五句考点】插入语，宾语从句，介宾结构，非谓语结构

　　【必备词汇】

　　[1] early on 在早期

　　[2] spender n. 挥金如土的人，挥霍者

　　[3] saver n. 节俭的人

　　[4] achieve v. 取得，实现

　　[5] respective adj. 各自的

　　[6] financial adj. 财政的

　　[7] situation n. 情况

　　【第五句翻译】 比如，你可以从一开始就问清楚你的对象是喜欢花钱还是喜欢省钱，或者对方希望用手上的钱达到什么目的，这样你就能了解各自的财务状况。

　　【第六句考点】条件状语从句，插入语，原因状语从句

　　【必备词汇】

　　[1] issue n. 问题

　　[2] debt n. 债务

　　[3] bill n. 账单

　　[4] rupture v. 使（关系）破裂

　　[5] add v. 补充说

　　【第六句翻译】 撒丁顿补充说道，如果随后出现一些问题，比如债务、账单、或者你是否打算有点积蓄，那么你可能会更加从容地解决这些问题，同时避免关系破裂，这是因为你在之前就已经谈论过金钱问题了。

　　Section IV Writing

　　Part A

　　【范文】

　　Notice

　　Dec. 1st, 2023

　　The Chinese Club is planning to recruit some students to teach Mandarin to foreign members of the club. The specific duties and requirements of this job are as follows.

To begin with, what you need to pay close attention to is that the main duty of the position requires your profession in Chinese and proficiency in English. In addition, you are expected to be familiar with Chinese culture and master an art form of Chinese traditional culture. Most importantly, we hope that you can show your patience, enthusiasm, and team spirit, and rather adept at communication skills. If you have any further questions, please feel free to contact us at THECHINESECLUB@qq. com by email before the deadline for registration, which is Dec 30, 2023.

　　The Chinese Club

　　【译文】

　　通知

　　2023年12月1日

　　中文俱乐部计划招收一些学生给俱乐部的外国会员教授普通话。本工作的具体职责和要求如下：

　　首先，您需要密切注意的是，该职位的主要职责要求您具有中文专业知识并熟练掌握英语。此外，希望您熟悉中国文化，掌握一项中国传统艺术。最重要的是，我们希望您能表现出耐心、热情和团队精神，并善于沟通。

　　如果您有任何其他问题，请随时通过THECHINESECLUB@qq.com与我们联系。报名截止日期为2023年12月30日。

　　中文俱乐部

　　Part B

　　【范文】

The bar chart clearly records the data about the trend of Chinese high-end talents back from abroad during the period from 2018 to 2022. It is of no difficulty for us to observe that the amount of Chinese high-end talents back from abroad witnessed a dramatic ascent by 260 thousand during this span, reaching 410 thousand in 2022. The following several reasons may be responsible for the phenomenon above. To begin with, the domestic economy and technology have been presenting continuous rapid growth, and the all-round strength of China has been largely improved. Thus, such a condition could be a forceful attraction to those who seek to fulfill their dreams. In addition, Chinese people’s increasingly strong sense of patriotism could be another significant factor that cannot be neglected, which has been cherished for a long time in the hearts of every Chinese person. Having analyzed the hidden factors in the chart, we will easily predict that the trend might continue in the few years to come. Meanwhile, we might continue to encourage and draw more high-end talents to return from abroad, in which way we can together make more contributions to the prosperity of our nation.

　　【译文】

　　该柱状图清晰地记录了2018年至2022年中国高端人才海外归国趋势的数据。我们不难发现，在此期间，中国高端人才的归国人数急剧增加了约26万人，到2022年已达到41万人左右。

　　以下几个原因可能造成上述现象。首先，国内经济和科技持续快速发展，综合实力有了很大提高。因此，这种情况对那些寻求实现梦想的人来说可能是一种强大的吸引力。此外，中国人日益强烈的爱国主义意识可能是另一个不可忽视的重要因素，这在每个中国人的心中都是长期珍视的。

　　分析了图表中隐藏的因素后，我们很容易预测，这种趋势在未来几年可能会持续下去。同时，我们可以继续鼓励和吸引更多的高端人才从国外归国，共同为祖国的繁荣昌盛做出更大的贡献。