在考研英语中,很多考生认为翻译题型比较难,题型中的经常会出现句型复杂的长难句,不知该如何入手分析。下面小编为大家整理了“2023考研英语翻译方法分享之语态变换法”一文,希望对大家复习和准备考研英语翻译题型带来一定帮助。
2023考研英语翻译方法分享之语态变换法
语态变换法(The change of the voices)
这里所说的语态是指主动语态和被动语态,这两种语态在英汉两种语言中的使用情况是很不相同的,被动语态的使用是科技文章的主要特点之一,其用法十分广泛。在汉语中,我们可用“被、让、把、遭、换、使、由、受到,为……所”等词来表示被动。但在汉语中的被动语态使用频率比英文要低得多。因此,在遇到被动语态时,应遵循汉语的习惯,如译成被动语态不通,则译成主动语态。
(1)保留其被动语
Goodyear, an American, had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard, non-sticky, and yet elastic.
译文:古德伊尔,美国人,多年来一直试图找到一种方法能让橡胶变得更硬、不粘黏,同时更有弹性。
(2)将被动改为主动
① 翻译成汉语的无主语,如果被动句不含by的话。
If bad weather is expected, the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing.
译文:如果预测到有恶劣天气,天气预报员必须能够在该飞机的航程内提出另外一个天气条件适合降落的机场。
②将that引导的主语从句仍然译为宾语,但要加上表泛指的词语(如人们、大家、我们等)做主语。
如:
It is hoped that…
It is reported that…
It is said that…
It is supposed that…
It must be admitted that…
It must be pointed out that…
It is asserted that…
It is believed that…
It is well known that…
It will be said that…
It will be seen from this that…
It was told that…
I was told that…
It may be said…
It may be argued that…
注意:如果被动结构既有过去分词又有by(或in, for)引导的介词短语,这时将动作的发出者译成主语。如:It is imagined by many that…
以上是新东方小编为大家整理的“2023考研英语翻译方法分享之语态变换法”相关内容,希望大家能攻克长难句难关,熟练掌握考研英语翻译类题型的解题方法。