考研写作——主题词库
1. 人生哲理类
2. 社会热点类
3. 文化教育类
4. 人与自然
一、人生哲理
1、合作
cooperation/collaboration/teamwork
cooperate with others/be in cooperationwith others/be in collaboration with others/work together
team spirit/group spirit/community spirit团队精神
active/effective/mutual/close cooperation
sense of teamwork 团队意识
ask for/call for/demand/seek cooperation 寻求合作
take an active part incooperation/cooperate actively 积极合作
end cooperation 中止合作
make concerted/joint efforts/pool one’sefforts together 齐心协力
solidarity and friendship 团结友爱
essentially/mutually complementary
win-win/all win/win for all 共赢
2、乐观、悲观
optimism/optimistic/optimist/optimisticmind/optimistic attitude
pessimism/pessimistic/pessimist
show/display/demonstrate optimism
adopt/possess a(n) optimistic (positive) attitude(view, outlook) towards life(the problems confronting us)
blind optimism
excessively/overly/wildly optimistic 过于乐观
3、信心
boost/enhance/improve/increase/lift/raiseconfidence
gain/acquire confidence 获得自信
rebuild/restore/regain/revive confidence 重获信心
damage/weaken/undermine confidence
the lack of confidence/lack confidence
exaggerate/overestimate/overratedifficulties
underestimate one’s abilities
4、进取精神/坚持:
an enterprising spirit 进取精神
non-stop efforts
open up new ways forward 开拓前进
make progress constantly
move forward constantly
make constant efforts
never stop making progress
never give up
keep making progress
keep on striving
5、尚未考到的:
diligence/hard work Great works are performed not by strength butby perseverance.
the spirit of self-improvement 自强不息
pursuit of one’sdream/ambition/aspiration/a great aim (goal)
innovation/creative thinking/the spirit ofexploration
a down-to-earth working style 踏实、实干
friendship/love/mutual affection amongdifferent people/individuals
indifference to other people
self-depreciation 自卑
modesty谦虚/avoid conceit and impetuosity 戒骄戒躁
the mutual understanding between people (parentsand their children)
keep pace with the times/advance with times与时俱进
二、社会热点
1、社会公德
public morality 社会公德
awaken/wake up moral consciousness 道德意识
advocate traditional virtue/traditionalmoral values 弘扬传统美德(distinguished/finetraditions)
duty/responsibility/obligation 责任
sense of responsibility
shoulder/assume/undertake one’sduty/responsibility 承担责任
fulfill/discharge/perform one’sduty/responsibility 履行责任
avoid/evade/shirk/shun one’sduty/responsibility 逃避责任
devote/dedicate, devotion/dedication
selfish devotion 无私奉献
the crisis of trust 信任危机
decline in moral standards
the corruption of public morality 公德堕落
the lack of moral sense 道德缺失
put more attention on self-interest
talk less about the sprit of sacrifice,contribution, mutual aid
selfish soul 自私的灵魂
immoral behaviors/conduct 不道德的行为
spit everywhere 随地吐痰
make noise, talk loudly 大声喧哗
to respect the old and care for the young 尊老爱幼
Project Hope 希望工程
China Red Cross Foundation 中国红十字会
charities 慈善机构
donate/donation
poor rural areas/poverty-stricken areas/impoverishedareas
start schooling 入学
drop out of school 辍学
attend school>go to school 上学
finish school/finish one’s studies完成学业
wealth-flaunters/flaunt wealth炫富
achievement-flaunter
2、职业道德
lack of occupational self-discipline
empty promise in the market promotion 空洞的承诺
false promise in the market promotion 虚假承诺
honesty 诚信
sales of counterfeit/fake goods/commodities to consumers(反义genuine commodity)
dishonest/fraudulent behaviors 欺诈行为 (put on civilized outer clothing to please or deceive the public.)
misleading/distorted information
reliable/dependable/trustworthy information
academic corruption 学术腐败
plagiarism 剽窃
food safety 食品安全
construction quality 工程质量
drainage oil 地沟油
poisonous milk powder 毒奶粉
unaffordable prices of medicines 药价虚高
illegal adds 非法广告
unfair competitions 不公平竞争
administration departments 管理部门
supervision departments 监管部门
authorities/departments concerned有关当局、部门
merchant 商人、商家
manufacturer 厂家
enterprise operator 企业经营者
disregard laws 漠视法律
shift the blame onto sb 推卸责任
disregard of laws and lack of any sense ofsocial responsibility
infringement on consumers’ rights and interests
overwhelming desire for profits
profits weigh much more than publicbenefits/public good
be in the vulnerable position(一般指消费者处于弱势的地位)
perform/fulfill one’s duty fairly andeffectively 公正有效地履行职责
3、两代关系
1、 赡养父母
the old/the elderly/elderly people/thesenior/senior citizens/the aged/aged people
aging society 老龄化社会
aging of population人口老龄化
filial piety 孝道
fulfill filial duty/show filial piety toparents/practice filial piety 尽孝
support (take care of, sustain) agedparents (the old and infirm parents/the old/the aged/the elderly/the senior/seniorcitizens) 赡养老年人
show solicitude for parents 关心父母
mistreat/ill-treat/maltreat parents
neglect sb/show no care (concern) forsb/lack concern for sb/treat sb thoughtlessly
take (shoulder, assume) the responsibilityfor sth
shirk (avoid, shift, abdicate) the responsibilityfor sth
duty/obligation of the young
traditional virtue of our nation
the wellbeing of the seniors/the heath and happiness ofseniors
make painstaking efforts/expend all one’s energies 费劲心血
one’s later years/one’s remaining years 晚年
Charity begins at home. 百善孝为先
2、溺爱孩子
raise/breed/foster/nurture/bring up 抚养
spoil children/dote on children
doting care/parental overprotection 溺爱
A child under the complete protection of parents/parentaloverprotection/be over loved (over protected) by parents/excessive love fromtheir parents/over-dependence on parents/be carefully protected from hardship
fragile young people
children born in the 1980s, majority ofthem being the only child in their family(family-planning policy)
encourage him or her to think and actindependently
help children towards independence/self-reliance
suffer hardships/stand sufferings/beartribulation
create optimum conditions for children’s growth
the pillar of the state
3、代沟:
generation gap
widen/expand generation gap (widen/expandthe gap between the child and parents)
narrow/bridge generation gap (narrow/bridgethe gap between the child and parents)
exchange ideas
mutual understating/make allowance for eachother 相互理解、相互体谅
misunderstanding
reinforce family bonds/ties
get estranged from one’s family members
4、啃老族
boomerang kids/children (the NEET group) 啃老族 NEET的全称是(Not currently engaged inEmployment, Education or Training)
reap without sowing 不劳而获
4、诚信危机
the crisis of trust
A host of dishonest behaviors
manufacture or sell fake and inferior goodsat the cost of consumer’s interest
bogus/fake/pirate products
bogus/fake certificates
peddle the sensational stories
twist/distort the news
return to sincerity and faith 返璞归真
keep promise 信守承诺
tell right from wrong 辨别是非
5、爱心
warm-hearted people 热心人
offer assistance/provide help 提供帮助
stretch out a helping hand to people inneed
help-givers 提供帮助的人
receive aid接受帮助
assistance recipients 受助者
6、健康
physical health (fitness, well-being)
mental/psychological health (fitness,well-being)
improve/enhance physical/psychologicalhealth
hurt/damage physical/psychological health
be in good/poor health
state of health 健康状况
fitness levels 健康水平
a health problem 健康问题
sub-health 亚健康
state of mind 心态
physical exercise 体育锻炼
well-balanced diet 均衡饮食
junk food 垃圾食品
go on a diet 节食、减肥
sacrifice health 牺牲健康
damage/endanger one’s health
improve one’s health
infectious disease/illness
chronic disease/illness
provide medical services
public health 公共卫生
7、交通
traffic jam/congestion, heavy traffic 交通堵塞
morning and evening peak 早晚高峰
rush hour 交通高峰期
bus lane 公交专用车道
odd-and-even license plate rule 单双号限行
traffic restrictions based on the lastdigit of license plate numbers 尾号限行
traffic control 交通管制
car-free day 无车日
private cars 私家车
develop public transport 发展公共交通
green commuting 绿色出行
green commuter
Let's green our commute
drunk driving 醉驾
drive after drinking /drive under the influence ofalcohol 酒驾
drive when tired 疲劳驾驶
traffic accidents 交通事故
8、经济
economic crisis/financial crisis 经济、金融危机
the fallout of economic crisis/financialcrisis 经济、金融危机的影响
fierce/intense/furious/cut-throatcompetition
spur/stimulate economic development
hinder/impede economic development
job market 就业市场
look for/hunt for/seek a job
job seeker
a tough job market 严峻的就业形势
unrealistic salary expectations/pursue ahigh-paid job
in the pursuit of short-term returns
lack the qualities and skills required forthe jobs they seek
without/lack of practical experience/hands-onexperience/practical abilities/vocational skills/career skills
generate/create/afford jobopportunities/employment opportunities
career guidance 就业指导
start one’s own business 创业
allocate money to…
reduce the funding for…
lift/elevate people’s standard of living
lower citizens’ standard of living
eliminate poverty
expand the gap between the wealthy and theneedy
slow down the pace of life
speed up/accelerate/quicken the pace oflife
increase/expand domestic demand
stimulate/spur/reduce consumption
practice economy 实行节约
三、文化和教育类
1、文化交流、融合
cultural exchanges/interaction/interchange文化交流(frequent/constant/common culturalexchanges between different countries)
The cultural blending/the culturalintegration/the cultural fusion文化融合
The integration/blending/combination/fusion/collisionof worldwide (global) cultures
fusion of East and West/integration ofChinese and Western cultures
traditional Chinese culture/nationalculture (Each national culture is a component of international culture)
alien/foreign culture
cultural identity 文化特性
cultural diversity 文化多样性
multiculturalism 多元文化
the co-existence of multi-cultures
2、中国传统文化
traditional Chinese culture as priceless spiritualtreasure
a long and colorful/splendid Chineseculture
splendid and glorious culturalheritage/legacy/relics 辉煌灿烂的文化遗产
oriental glamour(charm)/the glamour (charm)of our culture
invaluable/priceless spiritual treasure/wealthof all human beings
Chinese cultural symbols 中国文化的符号
the unique characteristics/feature of eachculture (possess unique characteristics/feature)
the inheritance and development of culturefrom one generation to another
show respect for/show honor to our ownculture
advocate/carry forward traditional culture
gain deeper insight into/have a deeperunderstanding of/get a clear perspective of our own culture
preserve and cherish traditions
ignore/disregard traditions
undermine traditions
strengthen the cultural identity of anation rather than erode the cultural identity of a nation
Interpretation of classics can promotecultural development positively.
Soft power
Kung Fu 功夫
Peking/Beijing opera 京剧 (outdated)
Tang Suit 唐装
traditional Chinese medicine (notscientific)
folk art民间艺术
paper-cut剪纸
traditional Chinese philosophy
Buddhism 佛
Confucianism儒/Confucius孔子/Confucius Institute 孔子学院
Humanity/Benevolence 仁
Taoism 道
Rite 礼
Butterfly Lovers 梁祝
classical ballet—the Swan Lake 天鹅湖
Enlightenment from the west 启蒙
Chinese craze 中国热
upsurge of Chinese craze
3、流行文化
网络
The Internet/the virtual net/the virtualworld/the virtual net world /the cyber space
Information superhighway
With the advent/dawn of the Internet(era/age)
the widespread/extensive use of theInternet
a global village
loyal/hardcore/frequent Internet users(netizens)
web/net/online addiction (net indulgence)
click the mouse
press keys on the keyboard
Internet café
use the Internet/go on the Internet/surfthe Internet (online)/have access to the Internet/linger online 上网
visit/log in a website
download something from the Internet
buy something on the Internet
online shopping/banking
chat/shop/book online
make friends online
chat online
online gossip
online games
online job application
group/integrate buying/purchase 团购
广告
the pervasive advertisements/advertising/commercials on TV
advertiser/advertise
a newspaper/magazine/TV/Internet/full-page advertisements
Poster/Billboard/Flyer
put/place an advertisement in newspaper/website
display advertisements 播放广告
implant/insert ads 植入广告
be overwhelmed with advertisements
emerge at the intervals between programs
be inserted in programs, separating thewhole into short pieces
be implanted as a segment of programs
the main channel/source of revenue for TVstations
misleading/distorted/fraudulent information in TVcommercials
the State Administration of Radio, Film andTelevision 广电总局
introduce/impose restrictions on advertisements
偶像
idol worship/star worship/star chasing/idolatry 偶像崇拜
superstar followers/crazy fans of the stars 追星族
affect one’s studies/schoolwork 影响某人的学业
run wild/become so hard to control 变得不听管教
drop out/leave off one’s studies 辍学
grow up in good health 健康成长
4、教育
schooling 学校教育
life-long education 终身教育
compulsory education 义务教育
exam/test-oriented (driven) education 应试教育
education for all-round development 素质教育
well-rounded development of a child 全面发展
balanced development of a child 均衡发展
promote the student’s physical,mental(intellectual) and emotional development
force-feeding method of teaching 填鸭式教学
force-feed the students
Students should not be treated as passivereceptacles of predigested ideas
learn sth by rote 死记硬背
learn sth through understanding
impart knowledge 传授知识
acquire (gain) knowledge/skills
instill high moral values
academic/theoretical knowledge
practical skills
equip oneself with academic knowledge andpractical skills
integrate theory with practice
disconnect theory from practice
shape/mould one’s character
extra-curricular activities 课外活动
the spirit of exploration
cultivate (nurture, foster) creative/original thinking
think independently and critically
stifle/constrain/extinguish creativity
follow sth blindly/indiscriminately
dampen the students’ enthusiasm/frustratethe students
broaden/expand one’svision/outlook/horizons 开阔眼界
stimulate one’s interest in sth
sap/dampen student’s interest in sth
strengthen/weaken students’ willpower
tap one’s potential 开发潜能
fulfill one’s potential 发挥潜能
waste one’s potential
give students motivation to do sth/motivate(stimulate)students to do sth
(re)kindle students’ enthusiasm about…
give the students inspiration
pursue post-graduate study/takepart in the entrance exams for postgraduates考研
study abroad/go abroad forfurther education出国留学
excessive/undue academic pressure 过大的学习压力
the burden of study/learning 学习负担
ease/relieve academic pressure
intensify academic pressure
affect academic performance 影响学习成绩
academic atmosphere 学习气氛
四、人与自然
1、人与环境
protect/preserve the environment/the preservation of environment
destroy/destruct/ruin/devastate the environment/ the destructionof environment
environmental degradation/environmental deterioration/thedeteriorating environment
reckless exploitation of environment
keep the balance of ecosystem/nature (byprohibiting the actions of blind exploitation)
keep ecological balance
disturb ecological balance/the seriousdisturbance of ecological balance
maintain/disturb harmony between humanbeings and the environment
maintain/disturb harmonious coexistencebetween human beings and nature
arouse/enhance the sense (awareness/consciousness)of environmental preservation/environmental awareness(sense/consciousness)
the lack/absence of the sense(awareness/consciousness) of environmental preservation/environmental awareness(sense/consciousness)
environment protectors/environmentalist/conservationist
environment destroyers
save energy and reduce the emission ofgreenhouse gases 节能减排
low-carbon lifestyle/“green”lifestyle
develop low-carbon economy 低碳经济
environment-friendly(eco-friendly) products环保产品
clean and renewable resources清洁可再生资源(solar and wind energy)
climate change 气候变化
global warming 全球变暖
the greenhouse effect 温室效应
“holes” in the ozone layer /the thinness ofthe ozone layer
reduce exhaust emission fromcars/automobiles 减少汽车尾气的排放
low-emission cars小排量汽车(small-enginecars/automobiles/vehicles)
high-emission cars 大排量汽车 (vehicles with high emission)
public transport 公共交通
green commuting 绿色出行
green commuter
Let's green our commute
air pollution
degradation/deterioration of air quality
discharge/emit poisonous/toxic gas 排放有毒气体
PM 2.5
ecological disaster/natural disaster
reduce water and soil erosion(水土流失) or desertification
Deforestation has caused more sandstorms.
Deforestation has turned a quarter ofterritory into desert.
acid rain
drought
sandstorm (可数)
snowstorm (可数)
toxic waste 有毒废物
industrial waste 工业废物
Industrial sewage 工业废水
sewage discharge 废水排放
sewage treatment 污水处理
multipurpose use 综合利用
white pollution
limit/ban/prohibit the use of disposableplastic bags/packages
use throwaway degradable plastic bags 可降解一次性塑料袋
disposable chopsticks
use recyclable and reusable products ratherthan disposable
household garbage 生活垃圾
garbage classification 垃圾分类
throw away/discard/desert/litter waste(rubbish, garbage, trash, litter)
snack bags 零食袋
leftovers (必须用复数)
carry out/implement sustainable developmentstrategy 实施可持续发展战略(put…intoeffect)
promote sustainable development rather thanpush forward the economy at the expense of the ecosystem
create pleasant living environment 创造怡人的生活环境
enhance the cityscape
paste/post illegal ads/hard-to-remove bills
hand leaflets out/distribute leaflets发传单
carve/inscribe characters (like…) on thewall or statues, which causes damage, irremediable in some cases, to the culturalrelics and historic sites and takes even more money to repair.
make our city untidy and unorganized
2、人与资源
conserve water/water conservation
consume water/water consumption
water shortage=shortage (scarcity/dearth)of water
conserve (scarce) natural resources
consume/deplete natural resources
put a strain on the resources/stretchresources to the limit
use resources properly rather than use up/exhaustnatural resources
over-exploit natural resources/over-exploitation of naturalresources/abuse of natural resources
exploit natural resources unlimitedly andblindly without considering the potential damage that can be done to nature,and more important, to human beings
the abuse of natural resources
harness natural resources rather thanmisuse natural resources
non-renewable resources are in a state ofrapid exhaustion
short-term commercial interests
the profit-oriented behavior
leadership’s obsession with short-termgrowth
devastating effects/destructive effects
exploit renewable resources
keep the balance of nature by prohibitingthe actions of blind/reckless exploitation
3、人与动物
wild species 野生物种
wild animals/wildlife/wild life
save/preserve/protect endangered wildanimals/wildlife from extinction
endanger wild animals
destruct wildlife’s habitats/thedestruction of wildlife’s habitats
create nature reserve 创建自然保护区
create a pleasant living environment forthe wildlife
die out/go extinction/disappear from theplanet
prevent the extinction of wild species
enrich biodiversity
jeopardize biodiversity
population explosion/population boom/populationgrowth