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新题型部分
A. Stay calm
B. Stay humble
C. Don’t make judgments
D. Be realistic about the risks
E. Decide whether to wait
F. Ask permission to disagree
G. Identify a shared goal
How to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than You
Your boss proposes a new initiative you think won’t work. Your senior colleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic. What do you say when you disagree with someone who has more power than you do? How do you decide whether it’s worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here’s how to disagree with someone more powerful than you.
41.
You may decide it’s best to hold off on voicing your opinion. Maybe you haven’t finished thinking the problem through, the whole discussion was a surprise to you, or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks. If you think other people are going to disagree too, you might want to gather your army first. People can contribute experience or information to your think—all the things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid. It’s also a good idea to delay the conversation if you’re in a meeting or other public space. Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened.
42.
Before you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person cares about— it may be “the credibility of their team on getting a project done on time,” says Grenny. You’re more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to a “higher purpose”. When you do speak up, don’t assume the link will be clear. You’ll want to state it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you’re seen not as a disagreeable underling but as a colleague who’s trying to advance a shared goal. The discussion will then become more like a chess game than a boxing match.
43.
This step may sound overly deferential, but it’s a smart way to give the powerful person psychological safety and control. You can say something like, “I know we seem to be moving toward a first-quarter commitment here. I have reasons to think that won’t work. I’d like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?” This gives the person a choice, allowing them to verbally opt in. And, assuming they say yes, it will make you feel more confident about voicing your disagreement.
44.
You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but do whatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions. When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety, it undercuts the message. It sends a mixed message, and your counterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breaths can help, as can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky we tend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking in an even tone helps the other person calm down and does the same for you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren’t.
45.
Emphasize that you’re offering your opinion, not gospel truth. It may be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but it’s still an opinion, my talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence. Instead of saying something like “If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we’ll never make it,” say, “This is just my opinion, but I don’t see how we will make that deadline.” Having asserted your perfectly willing to talk- and may even be flattered to receive your attention.
本次新题型考察根据段落内容总结中心话题,对应最佳小标题。跟往年小标题相比,今年的选项难度略有提高。对于标题信息的完整复现以及明确观点句很少见,更多的是通过阅读整段,总结核心观点,对于学生掌握文章段落主旨的要求更高。
【答案】41. [E] 42. [G] 43. [F] 44. [A] 45. [B]
41. 【考点】重点信息的提取
【解析】本段考查学生对于段落布局以及句子之间关系的把握。开头句使用You may decide it’s best to hold off on voicing your opinion“最好先拖一拖再表达自己的观点”引出话题,且出现了E选项中的decide,破折号之后的句子总结:之前提到的东西都能让争论更有力,更有效。紧随其后的句子it’s also a good idea是小标题里经常考查的作者观点句的表达,所以可以作为定位句,delay (the conversation)和标题当中的wait做同意替换。所以答案是E:decide whether to wait.
42. 【考点】逻辑把握
【解析】本段考察学生对于文章逻辑的把握。第一句中引用别人所说的话,是小标题中常考的例证逻辑,且里边包含观点句常用的祈使句。第二句使用短语you are more likely to be heard,给出委婉建议,但本题最容易找答案的定位句是第四句中but之后的信息,转折逻辑之后是重点,句子里有选项G中的关键词shared goal的复现。所以正确答案为G。
43. 【考点】语义理解+句间关系总结
【解析】本段重点考察的是句子含义的理解和句子之间关系的总结。首句this step may sound overly deferential“这听起来可能太过恭敬”,deferential是体现观点的词,感情色彩偏消极。接着是通过询问得到行动允许。最后一句提到voicing your disagreement表达不赞同,所以选择F:ask permission to disagree.
44. 【考点】语义概括+观点句提取
【解析】本段重点考察的是句子语义的概括,第一句“heart racing”,”face turning red”,第二句“reluctance or anxiety”,第三句“mixed message”是核心观点的反向表达。第四句“deep breath”,第六句“slowing the pace and talking in an even tone helps”是作者的正面建议,且第六句中出现了A选项关键词calm的复现。所以根据语义概括和关键词的提取,正确答案为A:stay calm保持冷静
45. 【考点】中心句提取+语义推断
【解析】本题有比较明显的中心句Instead of saying something like “If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we’ll never make it,” say, “This is just my opinion, but I don’t see how we will make that deadline.”体现了在表达观点时应该语气谦虚,而不是强硬的拒绝。结合标题内容,最接近的是B:stay humble 保持谦虚。
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