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三、阅读理解 B 部分:
A.Stay calm
B.Stay humble
C. Don’t make judgments
D. Be realistic about the risks
E. Decide whether to wait
F. Ask permission to disagree
G. Identify a shared goal
How to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than You
Your boss proposes a new initiative you think won’t work. Your senior colleague outlines a project timeline you believe is unrealistic. What do you say when you disagree with someone who has more power than you do? How do you decide whether it’s worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here’s how to disagree with someone more powerful than you.
41.
You may decide it’s best to hold off on voicing your opinion. Maybe you haven’t finished thinking the problem through, the whole discussion was a surprise to you, or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks. If you think other people are going to disagree too, you might want to gather your army first. People can contribute experience or information to your think—all the things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid. It’s also a good idea to delay the conversation if you’re in a meeting or other public space. Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened.
42.
Before you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person cares about— it may be the credibility of their team on getting a project done on time. You’re more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to a “higher purpose”. State it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you’re seen not as a disagreeable subordinate but as a colleague who’s trying to advance a common object.. The discussion will then become more like a chess game than a boxing match.
43.
This step may sound overly deferential, but it’s a smart way to give the powerful person psychological safety and control. You can say something like, “I know we seem to be moving toward a first-quarter commitment here. I have reasons to think that won’t work. I’d like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?” This gives the person a choice, allowing them to verbally opt in. And, assuming he says yes, it will make you feel more confident about voicing your disagreement.
44.
You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but do whatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions. When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety, it undercuts the message. It sends a mixed message, and your counterpart gets to choose what signals to read. Deep breaths can help, as can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky, we tend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking in an even tone helps the other person calm down and does the same for you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren’t.
45.
Emphasize that you’re offering your opinion, not gospel truth. It may be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but it’s still an opinion, so talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence. Instead of saying something like “If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we’ll never make it,” say, “This is just my opinion, but I don’t see how we will make that deadline.” Having asserted your option(as a position,not as a fact), demonstrate equal curiosity about other views. Remind the person that this is your point of view, and then invite critique. Be open to hearing other opinions.
【正确答案】41. E42. G43. F44. A45. B
【解析】
41.答案【E】,本段首句位置“你可能会决定最好还是不要说出你的意见。” 接下来的二、三句都涉及了一个前提条件,用来说明主题句。随后又出现了good idea to delay the conversation 与首句表示含义一致。根据标题中的关键词,可以判定E选项“决定是否等待”的标题匹配段落大意。段落中出现了disagree可能会对考生造成F选项 Ask permission to disagree的误导,但这里disagree出现的句子中没有出现请求许可的信息,故可以排除。
42.答案【G】,本段首句位置称“在你分享想法之前,先想想有权利的人是怎么想的”为段落主题句,本段第四句中but 转折之后为语义重点句,出现和所给标题的同词复现shared goal,和首句内容进行了呼应。其余的标题选项中关键内容都没有涉及,因此正确答案为G,“确定共同的目标”。
43.答案【F】,考生对于段落首句中的deferential(恭敬的)这个单词不熟悉,可以通过首句转折后的内容,“这是让有权利的人感到安全感和掌控感的聪明方式”,接下来的引号部分是在具体解释这个聪明方式,最后一句This 指代上文内容,allowing them 和 ask permission属于同义改写。继而可以确定F标题为正确答案。
44.答案【A】,段落首句转折后出现语义重点亦是本段的主题句” but do whatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions.” remain neutral保持中立,考生如果对neutral单词不熟悉,也可以通过下文中出现的anxiety, deep breaths can help, panicky, calm down 等词推测段落核心是和稳定情绪有关系,标题A与remain neutral和calm down都形成了替换关系因此为正确答案。
45.答案【B】,段落首句,第二句,第三句都出现了opinion, 段落最后一句point of view 也是opinion 考生可以通过根据关键词的修饰部分推测标题。 Your/my opinion出现的位置都在转折语义之前,说明段落强调的并不是表达自己观点本身这件事,而应该是段落最后一句be open to hearing other opinions,虚心听取别人的意见。故标题B Stay humble 保持谦虚为正确选项。
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