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1. 试题:
Text 2
With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050, and forecasts thatagricultural production in some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace, food security isincreasingly making headlines. In the UK, it has become a big talking point recently too, for arather particular reason: Brexit.
Brexit is seen by some as an opportunity to reverse a recent trend towards the UK importingfood. The country produces only about 60 percent of the food it eats, down from almostthree-quarters in the late 1980s. A move back to self-sufficiency, the argument goes, would boost the farming industry, political sovereignty and even the nations health. Sounds great- but howfeasible is this vision?
According to a report on UK food production from the University of Leeds, UK, 85 percentof the country's total land area is associated with meat and dairy production. That supplies 80 percent of what is consumed, so even covering the whole country in livestock farms wouldn’t allowus to cover all our meat and dairy needs.
There are many caveats to those figures, but they are still grave. To become much moreself-sufficient, the UK would need to drastically reduce its consumption of animal foods, andprobably also farm more intensively meaning fewer green fields and more factory-styleproduction.
But switching to a mainly plant-based diet wouldn’t help. There is a good reason why the UKis dominated by animal husbandry: most of its terrain doesn’t have the right soil or climate to grow crops on commercial basis. Just 25 per cent of the country’s land is suitable forcrop-growing, most of which is already occupied by arable fields. Even if we converted all thesuitable land to fields of fruit and veg-- which would involve taking out all the nature reserves and removing thousands of people from their homes— we would achieve only a 30 percent boost in crop production.
Just 23 per cent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown, soeven with the most extreme measures we could meet only 30 per cent of our fresh produce needs.That is before we look for the space to grow the grains, sugars, seeds and oils that provide us withthe vast bulk of our current calorie intake.
2. 答案详解:
26. Some people argue that food self-sufficiency in the UK would____.
[A] be hindered by its population growth
[B] contribute to the nations’ well-being
[C] become a priority of the government
[D] pose a challenge to its farming industry
【答案】B。根据题干中“food self-sufficiency”定位至原文第二段第三句“A move back to self-sufficiency, the argument goes, would boost the farming industry, political sovereignty and even the nations health.”(他们认为,恢复自给自足将促进农业、政治主权甚至国家健康。)题干中“some people argue”与本句插入语部分“the argument goes”对应,因此B选项“为国家的福祉做出贡献”为正确答案。
【干扰项】A选项“behindered”(被阻碍)和D选项“pose a challenge”(构成挑战)均为负面信息,但定位句中“boost”表示“促进”,为正向信息,因此AD错误。C选项“成为政府的优先事项”原文未提及,因此C选项错误。
27. The report by the University of Leeds showed that in the UK
[A] farmland has been inefficiently utilised
[B] factory style production needs reforming
[C] most land is used for meat and dairy production
[D] more green fields will be converted for farming
【答案】C。根据题干中的“University of Leeds”可以定位至文章第三段第一句“…85 percentof the country's total land area is associated with meat and dairy production.”( 全国85%的土地面积与肉类和乳制品生产有关)说明,大部分土地用于肉类和奶制品生产,因此C选项正确。
【干扰项】A选项“耕地利用效率低下”原文未提及;B选项“工厂化生产需要改革”内容与第三段无关;D选项“更多的绿地将被改造成农田”,其中green fields出现在第四段,与第三段无关。
28. Crop-growing in the UK is restricted due to ____.
[A] its farming technology
[B] its dietary tradition
[C] its natural conditions
[D] its commercial interests
【答案】C。根据题干中的“crop-growing”可以定位至文章第五段第二句“…most of its terrain doesn’t have the right soil or climate to grow crops on commercial basis.”说明大部分地域都没有适宜的土壤和气候来种植商业作物,因此C选项“它的自然条件”为正确答案。
【干扰项】A选项“其农业技术”文章未提及;B选项“它的饮食传统” 文章第五段第一句话“But switching to a mainly plant-based diet wouldn’t help.”(但转向以植物为主的饮食不会有帮助),与题干“英国的农作物种植受到限制”无关,因此B选项错误;D选项“它的商业利益”原文未提及。
29. It can be learned from the last paragraph that British people____.
[A] rely largely on imports for fresh produce
[B] enjoy a steady rise in fruit consumption
[C] are seeking effective ways to cut calorie intake
D] are trying to grow new varieties of grains
【答案】A。根据题干定位文章最后一段,第一句提到“Just 23 per cent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown”(目前,英国消费的水果和蔬菜中只有23%是国产的),可推断出生鲜产品主要依赖进口,因此A选项正确。
【干扰项】B选项“水果消费的稳步增长”原文未提及;C选项“正在寻找减少卡路里摄入的有效方法”,文章最后提及了calorie intake,但是原文说的是“我们目前摄入的大部分热量都来自这些物质(新鲜农产品)”因此C选项与原文不符;D选项“正在尝试种植新的谷物品种”原文未提及。
30. The author's attitude to food self-efficiency in the UK is ____.
[A] defensive
[B] doubtful
[C] tolerant
[D] optimistic
【答案】B。文章最后一段第一句“Just…”,强调英国国产的蔬果比例小,后半句“even with the most extreme measures”(即使采取最极端的措施),可以看出作者的态度不乐观,所以B选项“怀疑的;不能确定的”最合适。
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