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Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
A.Stay calm
B.Stay humble
C. Don’t make judgments
D. Be realistic about the risks
E. Decide whether to wait
F. Ask permission to disagree
G. Identify a shared goal
How to Disagree wit Someone More Powerful than You
Your boss proposes a new initiative you think won’t work. Your senior colleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic. What do you say when you disagree with someone who has more power than you do? How do you decide whether it’s worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here’s how to disagree with someone more powerful than you.
41.
You may decide it’s best to hold off on voicing your opinion. Maybe you haven’t finished thinking the problem through, the whole discussion was a surprise to you, or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks. If you think other people are going to disagree too, you might want to gather your army first. People can contribute experience or information to your think—all the things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid. It’s also a good idea to delay the conversation if you’re in a meeting or other public space. Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened.
42.
Before you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person cares about— it may be “the credibility of their team on getting a project done on time,” says Grenny. You’re more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to a “higher purpose”. When you do speak up, don’t assume the link will be clear. You’ll want to state it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you’re seen not as a disagreeable underling but as a colleague who’s trying to advance a shared goal. The discussion will then become more like a chess game than a boxing match.
43.
This step may sound overly deferential, but it’s a smart way to give the powerful person psychological safety and control. You can say something like, “I know we seem to be moving toward a first-quarter commitment here. I have reasons to think that won’t work. I’d like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?” This gives the person a choice, allowing them to verbally opt in. And, assuming they say yes, it will make you feel more confident about voicing your disagreement.
44.
You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but do whatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions. When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety, it undercuts the message. It sends a mixed message, and your counterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breaths can help, as can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky we tend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking in an even tone helps the other person calm down and does the same for you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren’t.
45.
Emphasize that you’re offering your opinion, not gospel truth. It may be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but it’s still an opinion,my talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence. Instead of saying something like “If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we’ll never make it,” say, “This is just my opinion, but I don’t see how we will make that deadline.” Having asserted your perfectly willing to talk- and may even be flattered to receive your attention.
【正确答案】41.E 42.G 43.F 44.A 45.B
【解析】
41.文章第二段第1句话提到You may decide it’s best to hold off on voicing your opinion. 你可能会决定等待发表观点是最好的选择;倒数第2句提到It’s also a good idea to delay the conversation if you’re in a meeting or other public space. 如果你在回忆中或者其他公共场合,
延迟谈话也是一个好主意。hold off on, delay与wait是同义替换,故E正确;
42. 第三段第1句提到Before you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person cares about分享观点前,想想有权势的人关心什么;倒数第2句提到... you’re seen not ... but as a colleague who’s trying to advance a shared goal.你被看作是有共同目标的同事;综上可知;分享观点前,要确认共同目标;故G项正确;
43. 第四段提到“I know we seem...I have reasons to think...I’d like to... Would that be OK?”可知是询问是否允许;And, assuming they say yes, it will make you feel more confident about voicing your disagreement. 加入他们说可以的话,你会更有信心说出不同意见,可知,有不同意见时,可以询问是否被允许表达自己的观点,故F正确;
44. 第五段提到heart racing心跳加速,face turning red脸红,When we feel panicky 感到慌张;同时提到remain neutral 保持冷静,slowing the pace and talking helps ... calm down 放慢说话的速度,用匀速的语调能够帮助冷静,可知该段主要讨论的是在谈话中保持冷静;故A项正确;
45.第六段提到Emphasize that you’re offering your opinion, not gospel truth.强调这是你的观点,不是福音书里的真理;“This is just my opinion, but I don’t see how we will make that deadline.” 这仅仅是我的观点,但是我不知道怎样在最后期限完成,可知表达观点时,要保持谦虚,故B项正确。
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