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(46)Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3%-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war.
(47)And the demand that rose in those societies of entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war.
(48)In many countries of western Europe, the number of student in higher education doubled within five-years periods during the 1960s and doubled again in seven eight or 10 years by the middle of 1970s.
(49)and when the new staff are predominantly young men and women fresh from past graduate study, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty.
(50)High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation, they also weakened the forms and process by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth.
【译文】
(46)在这些经历战争的社会中,其高等教育入学率在战争前的几十年中一直保持在相关年龄群体的3%到5%。
(47)并且,在那些社会中接受更高教育的需求上升,扩展到那些在战前从未想过进入大学的群体和社会阶层。
(48)在许多西欧国家,20世纪60年代接受高等教育的学生数量在5年中翻了一倍,并且到了70年代中期,在7、8或10年内又翻了一倍。
(49)并且,当新成员主要是刚刚毕业的年轻男性和女性时,他们很大程度上定义了在那个学院学术生活的准则。
(50)高增长率增加了学术创新的机会,也削弱了在缓慢增长时期和平稳增长时期接受教师和学生进入学术群体的形式和过程。
【逐句解析】
(46)Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3%-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war.
考察定语从句和状语顺序调整,尤其是定从中介词短语较多,需要区分核心和修饰部分。enrollment:入学;roughly:大约;constant:恒定的,不变的
【译文】在这些经历战争的社会中,其入学水平在战争前的几十年中一直保持在相关年龄群体的3%到5%。
(47)And the demand that rose in those societies of entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war.
考察定语从句。entry:进入;extend:延伸;扩展;class:阶级,阶层。
【译文】并且,在那些社会中接受更高教育的需求上升,扩展到那些在战前从未想过进入大学的群体和社会阶层。
(48)In many countries of western Europe, the number of student in higher education doubled within five-years periods during the 1960s and doubled again in seven eight or 10 years by the middle of 1970s.
考察倍数变化的说法,在19年翻译第2句中有同样的考点。时间状语在翻译时尽量提前。double:翻一倍,翻一番。
【译文】在许多西欧国家,20世纪60年代接受高等教育的学生数量在5年中翻了一倍,并且到70年代中期,在7、8或10年内又翻了一倍。
(49)and when the new staff are predominantly young men and women fresh from past graduate study, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty.
考察时间状语从句。staff:成员,员工;predominant:主要的,占优势的;norms:准则,规范;faculty:院,系。
【译文】并且,当新成员主要是刚刚毕业的年轻男性和女性时,他们很大程度上定义了在那个学院学术生活的准则。
(50)High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation, they also weakened the forms and process by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth.
考察定语从句、被动。innovation:创新;weaken:削弱;scholar:学者;stability:稳定性。
【译文】高增长率增加了学术创新的机会,也削弱了在缓慢增长时期和平稳增长时期接受教师和学生进入学术群体的形式和过程。
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