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Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It 1 in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we age. But3aging is inevitable, scientists are finding that certain changes in brain function may not be.
One study found that muscle loss and the4of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the5that lifestyle factors might help prevent or6this type of decline.
The researchers looked at data that7measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and 8 that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people 9 higher measures of abdominal fat10 worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years11.
For women, the association may be12to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be13. It is hoped that future studies could14these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men and women.
16 there are steps you can 17to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental18.The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your19 of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.
1. A. pauses B. return C.peaks D. fades
2. A. alternatively B. formally C. accidentally D. generally
3. A. while B. since C. once D. until
4. A. detection B. accumulation C. consumption D. separation
5. A. possibility B. decision C. goal D. requirement
6. A. delay B. ensure C. seek D. utilize
7. A. modify B. supported C. included D. predicted
8. A. devoted B. compared C. converted D. applied
9. A. with B. above C. by D. against
10. A. lived B. managed C. scored D. played
11. A. ran out B. set off C. drew in D. went by
12. A. superior B. attributable C. parallel D. resistant
13. A. restored B. isolated C. involved D. controlled
14. A. alter B. spread C. remove D. explain
15. A. compensations B. symptoms C. demands D. treatments
16. A. Likewise B. Meanwhile C. Therefore D. Instead
17. A. change B. watch C. count D. take
18. A. well-being B. process C. formation D. coordination
19. A. level B. love C. knowledge D. space
20. A. design B. routine C. diet D. prescription
试卷解析:
1. 选C。根据句意,“流动智力在年轻的时候 (),然后随着年纪的增长而下降”,这里面有逻辑词“then”,表示事件的先后顺序,所以肯定“先顶峰再下降”,选择peak, 顶峰,峰值。
2. 选D。句意是“随着年纪增长而()下降”,因为年纪增长是逐渐的过程,那么下降也应是逐渐的过程,所以gradually逐渐。
3. 选A。选项考查逻辑词,所以要看前后句的关系,根据句意“年老是不可避免的,()大脑的某种功能而不是”,前后句语义相反,所以选转折while。
4. 选B。根据文意,“肌肉流失和脂肪()”,与肌肉的流失相匹配的应该是身体脂肪的积累,所以选择accumulation,积累。
5. 选A。根据句意,“生活方式可能会帮助组织这样的功能下降”,既然是“可能”,所以选择的是possibility 可能性。
6. 选A。根据句意,“生活方式可能会帮助阻止或()这样的功能下降”,那么也应该选跟“阻止”相同含义的词,选择了delay 拖延。
7. 选C。根据句意,“数据()了测量值”,数据包含了测量值,选择included包含。
8. 选C。根据句意,“这些研究者查看了这些数据,并且与超过六十岁人的流动智力数据()”,选compare作比较。
9. 选A。根据句意,“他们发现中年人往往腹部脂肪比较多”,这几个介词含有“有”含义的,就只有with带有。
10. 选C。根据句意,“他们在流动智力的测试/测量中()较差”,应该是得分较差,所以选C得分。
11. 选D。根据句意,“随着时间的(),中年人流动智力会降低”。所以选择D,go by 流逝。
12. 选B。根据句意,“对于女性而言,这样的联系()她们免疫系统的变化”。应该是“归因于”attributable to。
13. 选C。根据句意,前文是说都女性,后文说的是男性,且有but转折,所以“男性的免疫系统是不()”,因该填一个“起作用/涉及”之类的词,所以选Cinvolved涉及。
14. 选D。根据句意,“希望未来的研究能够()这些区别”。选Dexplain解释。
15. 选D。根据句意,男性和女性的流动智力差别的原因不同,那么他们的治疗方案肯定也会不同,所以选择treatment治疗。
16. 选B。考查逻辑词,根据句意,前面说了原因,后面就讲方法,前后顺序逻辑,所以选择meanwhile 同时。
17. 选D。考查固定搭配,take steps, 采取方法/步骤。所以选Dtake。
18. 选A。根据句意,“随着年纪的增加,肌肉的增加会保护我们身体和头脑的()”,应该是“健康”,所以选择A well-being 健康。
19. 选A。根据句意,“健康的生活方式要求增加有氧运动的()”,应该是有氧运动量,所以选择一个语义相近的词,选择ALevel水平。
20. 选C。后文说的是跟“食物-food”有关的内容,那么前文也得是跟食物相关的内容,所以选择diet-饮食 C。
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