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46. Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3%-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war.
战争结束后,这些团体的入学率在战前的几十年里一直保持在相关年龄段的3%~5%。战前几十年里,这些国家高等教育适龄群体的入学率一直维持在3%~5%左右。
47. And the demand that rose in those societies of entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war.
在那些团体中,接受高等教育的需求上升,延伸到了战前没有想过上大学的群体和社会阶层中。在那些社会中,接受高等教育的需求上升了。这种需求也延伸到了战前没有想过上大学的群体和社会阶层。
48. In many countries of Western Europe the numbers of students in higher education doubled within five-year periods during the decade of the sixties and are doubling again in seven, eight, or ten years by the middle of the 1970s.
在西欧许多国家,接受高等教育的学生人数在20世纪60年代的五年内翻了一番,在七、八或十年之后的70年代中期,又翻了一番。在西欧许多国家,接受高等教育的学生人数在20世纪60年代的五年内翻了一番,到20世纪70年代中期为止的第七,八或十年又翻了一番。
49. and when the new staff are predominantly young men and women fresh from postgraduate study, 没有thenthen they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty 没有and its standardsand its standards.
而且当新职工主要是刚毕业的年轻男女时,他们在很大程度上定义了该学院学术生活的规范去掉“和标准”和标准。
50. High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation, they also weakened the forms and process by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth.
高增长率增加了学术创新的机会,它们还削弱了教师和学生在稳定或缓慢改为成长时期增长时期被引入学者群体的形式和过程。
【逐句解析】
(1)Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3%-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war.
【解析】come out of:从…中出来;roughly:大概。that引导一个定语从句,修饰enrollment(入学率)。
【参考答案】战争结束后,这些团体的入学率在战前的几十年里一直保持在相关年龄段的3%~5%。战前几十年里,这些国家高等教育适龄群体的入学率一直维持在3%~5%左右。
(2)And the demand that rose in those societies of entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war.
【解析】that引导一个定语从句,修饰demand(需求),extended(延伸)作为主句谓语动词。第二个that仍然连接了一个谓语动词改为第二个that仍然是一个定语从句,修饰团体和classes(阶级)改为“修饰groups and social classes(阶级)”。
【参考答案】在那些团体中,接受高等教育的需求上升,延伸到了战前没有想过上大学的群体和社会阶层中。在那些社会中,接受高等教育的需求上升了。这种需求也延伸到了战前没有想过上大学的群体和社会阶层。
(3)In many countries of Western Europe 加入逗号,the numbers of students in higher education doubled within five-year periods during 改为the1960sthe decade of the sixties and 改为doubledare doubling again in seven, eight, or ten years by the middle of the 1970s.
【解析】该句需要注意的是时间状语的翻译方式,middle of the 1970s,译为20世纪70年代介词by在此处译为“截止”。改为doubleDouble:翻倍;decade:十年。
【参考答案】在西欧许多国家,接受高等教育的学生人数在20世纪60年代的五年内翻了一番,在七、八或十年之后的70年代中期,又翻了一番。在西欧许多国家,接受高等教育的学生人数在20世纪60年代的五年内翻了一番,到20世纪70年代中期为止的第七,八或十年又翻了一番。
(4)And when the new staff are predominantly young men and women fresh from postgraduate study, 去掉thenthen they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty 去掉and its standardsand its standards.
【解析】该句是前一个时间状语从句,再加一个主语构成改为“该句是一个状语从句加一个主句构成。。Predominately:主要;fresh:新生此处fresh应为形容词,fresh from 意思是 “刚结束,刚从……来”。主句是简单句句式,主谓宾,宾语为Aof B 结构,倒过来翻译即可,为B的A。
【参考答案】而且当新职工主要是刚毕业的年轻男女时,他们在很大程度上定义了该学院学术生活的规范去掉“和标准”和标准。
(5)High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation, they also weakened the forms and process by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth.
【解析】该句是一个并列句。后一个句子当中插入一个定语从句用来修饰forms and process,按照定语修饰的顺序来翻即可。
【参考答案】高增长率增加了学术创新的机会,它们还削弱了教师和学生在稳定或缓慢增长改为成长时期时期被引入学者群体的形式和过程。
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