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【试题】
Text 1
How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. This year’s rise, an average of 2.7 percent, may be a fraction lower than last years, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index(cpi) measure of inflation.
Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidize the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey? Equally, there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North.
However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions.However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.
The government has pledged to change the law to introduce minimum service requirement so that, even when strikes occur services can continue to operate. This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems of Britain’s railways. Yes, more investment is needed, but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped unreliable services, punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed, or planned maintenance is managed incompetently. The threat of nationalization may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.
21. The author holds that this year's increase in rail passenger’s fares________.
A. will ease train operations burden
B. has kept pace with inflation
C. is a big surprise to commuters
D. remains an unreasonable measure
22. The stockbroker in 2 is used to stand for________.
A. car drivers
B. rail travelers
C. local investors
D. ordinary taxpayers
23. It is indicated in 3 that train operators________.
A. are offering compensations to commuters
B. are trying to repair relations with the unions
C. have failed to provide an adequate service
D. have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes
24. If unable to calm down passengers, the railways may have to face________.
A. the loss of investment
B. the collapse of operations
C. a reduction of revenue
D. a change of ownership
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Who Are to Blame for the Strikes?
B. Constant Complaining Doesn’t Work
C. Can Nationalization Bring Hope?
D. Ever-rising Fares Aren’t Sustainable
21题【答案】D. remains an unreasonable measure
【解析】本题从题干中能看到的定位词组是this year’s increase in rail passenger’s fares,定位在第1段的第1句话:How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares?(铁路运营方怎么才能为铁路旅客票价的再次上涨辩护呢?)[A]选项中的burden在原文第1段有出现:imposing significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise.显然原文内容是“给旅客增加负担”,而选项内容是“给运营商缓解负担”,前后矛盾,因此排除该选项。[B]选项中的inflation在原文第1段末尾出现:This year’s rise, …… is still well above the official Consumer Price Index(cpi) measure of inflation.原文意为“该价格的上涨超过远高于官方用于衡量通货膨胀的CPI值”,而选项意为“与通货膨胀碰撞同速”,显然与原文不符,故排除该选项。[C]选项意为“这对乘客来说是一个令人感到惊奇的事情”,但是原文第1段第2句话提到“每年一月份,火车旅行的成本都会上涨”,与原文不符,故排除该选项。
22题【答案】B. rail travelers
【解析】本题从题干可知定位在第2段,定位词组是stockbroker: Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidize the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey?(他们认为,为什么从林肯郡驾车来领取养老金的人必须补贴从萨里郡坐火车来的的股票经纪人的通勤费用?)很明显,这里的stockbroker和car-driving pensioners只是例子中的两者,作者是为了说明/反驳某一观点而举了这个例子。往前找观点,可以发现原文第2段首句提到了历届政府允许该价格增长的原因:Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer.(理由是铁路网的投资和运营成本应该由使用者承担,而非一般纳税人。)题干中的stockbroker就是火车使用者,而其他三个选项都不是日常乘坐火车通勤的人,所以排除[A] [C] [D]。
23题【答案】C. have failed to provide an adequate service
【解析】本题从题干可知定位在第3段,定位词组是train operators: It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel.(铁路运营商大肆宣传他们为铁路所做出的改善,这是件好事,但乘客们应该能够期望得到基本水平的服务,因为他们现在为其支付了高额费用。)显然乘客虽然支付了高额的通勤费用,却没有享受到最基本的服务,这说明铁路运营商并没有为乘客们提供足够的服务,因此选择[C]。[A]选项意为“投资的损失”,原文中第4段提到了英国铁路问题的修复是需要资金的,但并未提及是否有损失,属于无中生有,因此排除该选项。 [B]选项意为“服务的崩溃”,定位至第4:The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions,可知原文意为“最近这一波罢工要由工会负责”,与原文不符,因此排除该选项。[D]意为“因为罢工而遭受了巨大的损失”,原文未提及,无中生有,故排除该选项。
24题【答案】D.a change of ownership.
【解析】根据题干关键词calm down passengers定位到末段尾句The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.意为“国有化的威胁可能暂时已经消失了,但是如果不及时解决乘客的合理愤怒,乘客将会采取报复的方式”前半句说国有化威胁暂时消失,说明如果乘客采取报复行为,那么国有化会卷土重来,即改变了所有权结构,与D选项“a change of ownership.(所有权的改变)”表述一致。A. the loss of investment.(投资损失)B. the collapse of operations.(操作崩溃)C. a reduction of revenue.(减少收入)三个选项原文均未提及。
25题【答案】D. Ever-rising Fares Aren’t Sustainable
【解析】结合全文可知,全文从首段首句就开始提及票价上涨的问题,后面依次谈及不同方面的反映和举措,因此选择[D]选项。
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