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Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It 1 in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we age. But3aging is inevitable, scientists are finding that certain changes in brain function may not be.
One study found that muscle loss and the4of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the5that lifestyle factors might help prevent or6this type of decline.
The researchers looked at data that7measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and 8 that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people 9 higher measures of abdominal fat10 worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years11.
For women, the association may be12to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be13. It is hoped that future studies could14these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men and women.
16 there are steps you can 17to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental18.The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your19 of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.
1. A. pauses B. return C.peaks D. fades
2. A. alternatively B. formally C. accidentally D. generally
3. A. while B.since C. once D. until
4. A. detection B. accumulation C. consumption D. separation
5. A. possibility B. decision C. goal D. requirement
6. A. delay B. ensure C. seek D. utilize
7. A. modified B. supported C. included D. predicted
8. A. devoted B. compared C. converted D. applied
9. A. with B. above C. by D. against
10. A. lived B. managed C. scored D. played
11. A. ran out B. set off C. drew in D. went by
12. A. superior B. attributable C. parallel D. resistant
13. A. restored B. isolated C. involved D. controlled
14. A. alter B. spread C. remove D. explain
15. A. compensations B. symptoms C. demands D. treatments
16. A. Likewise B. Meanwhile C. Therefore D. Instead
17. A. change B. watch C. count D. take
18. A. well-being B. process C. formation D. coordination
19. A. level B. love C. knowledge D. space
20. A. design B. routine C. diet D. prescription
参考答案:
1-5:CDABA
6-10:ACBAC
11-15:DBCDD
16-20:BDAAC
完型一般第一句不命题,为文章主旨。本篇完型第一句为流动智力(fluid intelligence)与短期记忆以及解决新问题时快速思考、逻辑思维和抽象思维有关。
1 题考动词辨析,“它(流体智力)在成年早期_____,一段时间达到平衡,然后开始随年龄增长而慢慢下降”。对比四个选项,A“暂停”,B“回来”,C“达到最高点”,D“逐渐消失”。带入原文,选项C达到最高点——平衡——开始下降更符合发展规律,因此选C。
2 题考副词辨析,修饰“开始随年龄增长而慢慢下降”,对比选项A“或者”,B“正式地”,C“偶然地”,D“通常,一般”,带入原文D语义通顺。
3 题考查连词,“_____变老是不可避免的,科学家发现大脑功能的特定改变可能并不是(不可避免的)”,前后语义相反。对比选项A“虽然”,B“自从;因为”C“一旦”,D“直到”,A选项逻辑关系相反,因此选A。
4 题考名词辨析,“一项研究发现肌肉损失以及腹部的体脂的_____与流体智力的下降有关”,所填单词与“肌肉损失”色彩应保持一致,是消极色彩。对比选项,A“ 侦查,探测”,B“积累”C“消耗,消费”D“分离”。根据生活经验,我们肚子很容易长脂肪,且体脂积累符合消极色彩,因此选B。
5 题考名词辨析,“这表明了生活方式因素可能能够预防这种下降的_____”。对比选项,A“可能性”,B“决定”,C“目标”,D“要求”。原文既然是“可能”,A更符合语义。
6 题考动词辨析,逻辑关系or并列,prevent“预防”或_____,一致性关系。比较选项,A“推迟”,B“确保”,C“寻求”,D“利用”,和prevent语义一致的是A。
7 题考动词辨析,that定从修饰data,真正主谓宾搭配是“数据_____肌肉和腹部脂肪测量”。比较选项,A“修改”,B“支持”,C“包括”,D“预测”,带入语境,C符合语义。
8 题考动词词组辨析,“_____这些肌肉和腹部脂肪数据与流体智力的变化”。比较选项,A devote… to“把……奉献于”,B compare…to“把……与……比较”,C convert…to“把……转化成……”,D apply…to“把……应用于……”,实验研究的是肌肉和腹部脂肪数据与流体智力变化的关系,因此选B。
9 题考介词辨析,介词短语“_____较高腹部脂肪测量数据的”修饰的是“中年人”,带入选项A“有”,B“在……上”,C“通过”,D“反对”,A符合语义。
10 题考动词辨析,“有较高腹部脂肪的中年人_____在流体智力测量上更差”。比较选项,A“生活”,B“完成”,C“得分”,D“玩耍”,提到了“测量”应该就有数据,所以C符合。
11 题考动词短语,“随着时间_____”,比较选项,A“用完,耗尽”,B“启程,出发”,C“使参与”,D“流逝”,和时间构成搭配D。
12 题考形容词辨析,“这种联系(脂肪越多,流体智力越低)” _____免疫力的改变,A be superior to“比……更好”,B be attributable to“可归因于……”,C be parallel to“与……平行”,D be resistant to“对……有抵抗力的”,原文讨论联系的原因,因果关系是B。
13 题考动词辨析,“对女性来说,联系可归因于免疫系统的变化;在男性身上,免疫系统并没有被_____”,后一句“希望未来的研究这些不同”,A“恢复”,B“隔离”,C“参与;有关联”,D“控制”,既然女性和男性不同,所以C符合语义。
14 题考动词辨析,“希望未来的研究_____这些不同”,A“改变”,B“传播”,C“移除”,D“解释”,D符合语义。
15 题考名词辨析,“希望未来研究能引起对女性和男性不同的_____”,A“补偿”,B“症状”,C“需求”,D“治疗”,前文说流体智力变低,未来研究要解决问题,就要对症治疗,因此D符合语义。
16 题考副词辨析,前文未来研究的期待,后文“我们可以采取措施帮助减少腹部脂肪”,A“同样地”,B“同时”,C“因此”,D“反而,却”,选B符合逻辑关系。
17 题考动词辨析,和17空构成谓宾搭配的是“_____措施(steps)”,一般用take steps,选D take。
18 题考名词辨析,“保护身体和心理_____”,A“健康”,B“过程”,C“形成”,D“协调”
,经常说身体和心理健康,选A。
19 题考名词辨析,增加有氧锻炼的_____ ,A“水平,程度”,B“喜爱”,C“知识”,D“空间”,选A。
20 题考动词辨析,“富含纤维的_____”,A“设计”,B“常规,惯例”,C“饮食”,D“处方”,谈到了纤维,选C符合语义。
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