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When Microsoft bought task management app Wunerlist and mobile calendar Sunrise in 2015, it picked up two newcomers that were attracting considerable buzz in Silicon Valley. Microsoft’ s own Office dominates the market for “ productivity” software, but the start-ups represented a new wave of technology designed from the ground up for the smartphone world.
Both apps, however, were later scrapped, after Microsoft said it had used their best features in its own products. Their teams of engineers stayed on, making them two of the many “acqui-hires” that the biggest companies have used to feed their insatiable hunger for tech talent.
To Microsoft’s critics, the fates of Wunderlist and Sunrise are examples of a remorseless drive by Big Tech to chew up any innovative companies that lie in their path. “ They bought the seedlings and closed them down,” complained Paul Arnold, a partner at San Francisco-based Switch Ventures, putting paid to businesses that might one day turn into competitors. Microsoft declined to comment.
Like other start-up investors, Mr Arnold’s own business often depends on selling start-ups to larger tech companies, though he admits to mixed feelings about the result: “ I think these things are good for me, if I put my selfish hat on. But are they good for the American economy? I don’t know.”
The US Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answer to that question. This week, it asked the five most valuable US tech companies for information about their many small acquisitions over the past decade. Although only a research project at this stage, the request has raised the prospect of regulators wading into early-stage tech markets that until now have been beyond their reach.
Given their combined market value of more than $5.5tm, rifling through such small deals---many of them much less prominent than Wunderlist and Sunrise---might seem beside the point. Between them, the five companies(Apple, Microsoft, Google, Amazon and Facebook) have spent an average of only $3.4bn a year on sub-$1bn acquisitions over the past five years---a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves, and the more than $130bn of venture capital that was invested in the US last year.
However, critics say that the big companies use such deals to buy their most threatening potential competitors before their businesses have a chance to gain momentum, in some cases as part of a “buy and kill” tactic to simply close them down.
31. What is true about Wuderlist and Sunrise after their acquisitions?
A. Their market values declined.
B. Their tech features improved.
C. Their engineers were retained.
D. Their products were re-priced.
32. Microsoft’s critics believe that the big tech companies tend to___
A. ignore public options
B. treat new tech talent unfairly
C. exaggerate their product quality
D. eliminate their potential competitors
33. Paul Arnold is concerned that small acquisitions might___
A. harm the national economy
B. worsen market competition
C. discourage start-up investors
D. weaken big tech companies
34. The US Federal Trade Commission intend to___
A. examine small acquisitions
B. limit Big Tech’s expansion
C. supervise start-ups operations
D. encourage research collaboration
35. For the five biggest tech companies, their small acquisition have ___
A. brought little financial pressure
B. raised few management challenges
C. set an example for future deals
D. generate considerable profits
【正确答案】31.C32. D33. A34. A 35. A
一、文章题材结构分析
本文主要讨论了以微软为代表的科技巨头公司,通过兼并收购刚起步的小型科技公司,从而将潜在竞争对手扼杀在摇篮中的市场竞争现状。文章第一、二、三段列举Wunderlist和Sunrise被微软收购的案例,引出话题;第四段列举了Paul Arnold针对科技巨公司收购小型科技公司的观点;第五段给出了美国联邦贸易委员会(the US Federal Trade Commission)对该问题所做出的尝试;最后两段总结分析了兼并小型科技公司对大型科技公司的影响以及该行为可能造成的影响。
二、试题解析
31.【答案】C
【考点】事实细节
【解析】根据题干 “在Wunderlist和Sunrise被微软收购后,下列选项哪个是正确的”,定位到文章第二段。第二段第一句“Both apps, however, were scrapped, after Microsoft said it had used their best features in its own products.” 从原文中可知,这两款应用程序都被取消了,此前微软表示在自己的产品中使用了它们最好的功能,因此A、B选项都可以排除。从“their teams' engineers stayed on, …to feed their insatiable hunger for tech talent.”从该句得知,被收购团队的工程师留下来了,故C选项正确。D选项,关于重新给产品定价的内容,在该段并未提及,因此可以排除。
32.【答案】D
【考点】事实细节
【解析】根据题干中的关键词“Microsoft’s critics”可以定位到原文第三段第一句:“To Microsoft’s critics, the fates of Wunderlist and Sunrise are examples of a remorseless drive by Big Tech to chew up any innovative companies that lie in their path.” 根据原文内容,译文为“对于微软的批评者来说,Wunderlist和Sunrise的命运就是一个例子,说明大技术公司无情地试图吞并任何在其发展道路上的创新型公司。”故可以直接选出D选项为本题答案,其余选项内容在该句皆未提及。
33.【答案】A
【考点】细节/分析题
【解析】本题题干中的人名“Paul Arnold”是解题的索引词,根据该词可直接定位到原文第三段和第四段;第三段对Paul Arnold的身份进行了介绍,而原文第四段末尾出的直接引语,则直观地展现了Arnold对于小规模收购(small acquisitions)的观点,“ But are they good for the American economy? I don’t know.” 该句表明了Arnold对小规模收购于国家经济所产生影响的担忧,故选择A选项;B选项和段落语境内容比较吻合,迷惑性较大但文章选项并未有直观语句与之对应,故排除;C、D选项内容在原文相应段落内未提及,较好排除。
34.【答案】A
【考点】事实细节
【解析】本题题干中的the US Federal Trade Commission是原文段落定位的关键索引词,根据该词可直接定位到原文第五段;该段的第二句提到了,美国联邦贸易委员会“asked the five most valuable US tech companies for information about their many small acquisitions over the past decade”,即询问了五家最有价值的美国科技公司,了解他们在过去十年中进行的许多小型收购。而后一句,“… the request has raised the prospect of regulators wading into early-stage tech markets that until now have been beyond their reach.”该句译文为“…这一要求产生了这样一种可能,即监管者涉足早期科技市场;而该可能到目前为止,还无法做到。”说明联邦贸易委员会虽然想要介入调查近些年的小型兼并,故答案选A;本题的B选型干扰性较强,限制大型科技公司的扩展,虽然与上文和主题联系较为紧密,但原文并未提及expansion的相关内容,因此排除;C、D选项内容与该段相关性较弱,段落中未提及相关内容,比较好排除。
35.【答案】A
【考点】事实细节
【解析】根据题干信息,需要结合文章内容找出小型兼并对于五大科技巨头公司的影响。据此,可定位到文章第六段的第二句——“… the five companies have spent an average of only $3.4bn a year on sub-$1bn acquisition over the past five years --- a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves…” (译文:过去五年,这五家公司平均每年仅花费34亿美元进行10亿美元以下的收购,与它们庞大的金融储备相比,这只是沧海一粟);这个句子形成了一个句内由分到总的结构,前面分述收购所用具体费用,破折号之后的内容是解题关键,对分述进行了总结,认为“这只是沧海一粟”。由此正对应A选型,故为本题答案。若对具体数据在文中的列举一知半解,则较容易误选D选项;C选项内容对于大型科技公司的情感态度是错误的,与文章整体对于科技公司的情感基调相反,故排除。
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