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Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
It's not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder,1 ,to understand their negativeconsequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. 2 one and the othersbecome distorted.
Travel on a London bus and you'll3see how this works with drivers. Watch people geton and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying?Of course! Are there inspectors to4that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And peoplewho run for the bus? They are5.How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequentlyas cyclists.
Why? Because the target is6.People complained that buses were late and infrequent.7,the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were8or punished according tothe time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they9hit cyclists. If the target waschanged to10,you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterionchanged to safety, you would get more11drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both thesecriteria would be at the expense of time.
There is another12:people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you13that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not!Airlines have simply changed the time a 14 is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now ballad asa two-hour flight.
The 15of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria.Choose one criterion and you may well 16others.Everything Can be done faster and madecheaper,but there isa 17. Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.
This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploringconsequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria 18 critical factors such astime,money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to 19just one or even twodimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better 20 the objective.
1. A. therefore B. however C.again D. moreover
2. A. Emphasize B. Identify C. Assess D. Explain
3. A. nearly B. curiously C. eagerly D. quickly
4. A.claim B. prove C. check D. recall
5. A. threatened B. ignored C. mocked D. blamed
6. A. punctuality B. hospitality C. competition D. innovation
7. A. Yet B. So C. Besides D. Still
8. A. hired B. trained C. rewarded D. grouped
9.A. only B. rather C. once D. also
10.A. comfort B. revenue C. efficiency D. security
11.A. friendly B. quiet C. cautious D. diligent
12.A. purpose B. problem C. prejudice D. policy
13.A. reported B. revealed C. admitted D. noticed
14.A. break B. trip C. departure D. transfer
15.A. moral B. background C. style D. form
16.A. interpret B. criticize C. sacrifice D. tolerate
17.A. task B. secret C. product D. cost
18.A. leading to B. calling for C. relating to D. accounting for
19.A. specify B. predict C. restore D. create
20.A. modify B. review C. present D. achieve
参考答案:
1-5:BADCB
6-10:ABCDB
11-15:CBDBA
16-20:CDCAD
整体评述
考察形式为完形填空,所选取的文章内容不会太难,没有过多的专业词汇,文章和试题中也不会出现超纲词,因此不会给考生的阅读造成太大的困难。本篇文章围绕工作中设定目标时,标准会影响结果,属于生活科普类话题。考生还是需要重点把握逻辑关系,包括转折,并列,因果等语义之间关联性,利用上下文语境做题,其次,词汇和短语的积累作用也很大。
详解:
1. 答案:B. however
解题思路:本文首段首句It's not difficult to set targets for staff. 中的not difficult 与第二句It is much harder, 1 ,to understand their negativeconsequences.中的harder构成反义关系,而A. 因此,C. 再一次,D. 而且,都不表示反义,选项B. 但是表转折,故为正确答案。
2. 答案:A. Emphasize
解题思路:Most work-related behaviors have multiple components.(大多数与工作相关的行为有多种动机。)2 one and the othersbecome distorted.中one和the others的关系应该对立,故应选distort(曲解)的反义词,选项中A.强调,B. 确认,C. 估计,D. 解释,故选A最合适。
3. 答案:D. quickly
解题思路:Travel on a London bus and you'll3see how this works with drivers.在伦敦的公交车上,你会得知司机是如何使用这种方法的。本句中选副词来修饰动词see, A. 几乎, B. 好奇地, C. 渴望地,D.很快地,根据本句句意,应选D。
4. 答案:C. check
解题思路:Are there inspectors to4that people have paid? Possibly, but very few.中inspectors(检查员)以及Are they carefully inspected?中的inspect(检查)都在强调检查员是否查票,选项C. check 和inspect同义,而A. claim宣称,B. prove证明,D. recall回忆,故选C。
5. 答案:B. ignored
解题思路:And peoplewho run for the bus? They are5.中and表与上句同义,Are there inspectors to4that people have paid? Possibly, but very few.本句表明可能非常少的检查员会检查人们已付费,紧接下句,那对于那些开车的人呢?选项A. threatened受到威胁,B.被忽视,C. mocked被嘲笑,D. blamed被责备,B选项能使上下句之间形成并列,故为正确答案。
6. 答案:A. punctuality
解题思路:Why? Because the target is6.People complained that buses were late and infrequent.7,the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were8or punished according tothe time they took.第六空的线索词根据后面一句中的late及第八空后的according tothe time they took中的time来选,所反映出的A.punctuality准时性,B. hospitality热情好客,C. competition竞争,D. innovation创新,符合的应选A。
7. 答案:B. So
解题思路:本题考查逻辑关系,People complained that buses were late and infrequent.(人们抱怨公共汽车晚点,而且班次稀少。)与后一句the number of buses and bus lanes were increased(公共汽车和公共汽车专用道的数量增加了)应该是前因后果的关系,因此选So。
8. 答案:C. rewarded
解题思路:根据句意,…and drivers were8or punished according tothe time they took.中or的前后呈现相反关系,所以应选punish(惩罚)的反义词reward(回报),而选项A. hired雇用,B. trained培训,D. grouped分组不符合题意,故选C。
9. 答案:D. also
解题思路:根据句意And drivers hit these targets. But they9hit cyclists.司机达到这些目标的同时却也撞到了骑自行车的人。故应选D. also也。
10. 答案:B. revenue
解题思路:根据句意If the target waschanged to10,you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing.中空格的线索词就是后半句中出现的pricing定价,故选跟价格相关的词,A.comfort 舒适,B. revenue 收入,C. efficiency 效率,D. security安全,故选B。
11. 答案:C. cautious
解题思路:If the criterionchanged to safety, you would get more11drivers who obeyed traffic laws.与上题考点相同,根据句意,空格所填与前半句中safety(安全)相关,选项A. friendly友好的,B. quiet安静的,C. cautious谨慎的,D. diligent勤奋的,故选C。
12. 答案:B. problem
解题思路:There is another12:people became immensely inventive in hitting targets.中another表明前面出现过,对应看上个自然段开头的why?是个问题,故此处是另一个问题,选B.problem。其他选项A. purpose目的,C. prejudice偏见,D. policy政策都不合适。
13. 答案:D. noticed
解题思路: Have you13that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not!你可以乘晚点一小时的飞机起飞,但仍然准时到达。选项A. reported报告,B. revealed揭示,C. admitted承认,D. noticed注意,根据句意,应选D。
14. 答案:B. trip
解题思路:Airlines have simply changed the time a 14 is meant to take. 本句的线索在下句A one-hour flight is now ballad asa two-hour flight.现在一小时的飞行被改成两小时的飞行。而飞行是一段旅程,选项A. break休息,B. trip 旅程,C. departure离开,D. transfer转移,故选B。
15. 答案:B. background
解题思路:The 15of the story is simple. 后面Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria.大多数工作都是多维度的,有多个标准。是对前句话的解释,既然提到story,就需要交代其背景,所以选项A. moral道德的,B. background背景,C. style风格,D. form形式中符合语境的应选B。
16. 答案:C. sacrifice
解题思路:Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others.中one和others形成对立关系,因此应选choose(选择)的反义词,选项A. interpret解释,B. criticize批评,C. sacrifice牺牲,D. tolerate忍受中,故选C。
17. 答案:D. cost
解题思路:Everything can be done faster and madecheaper,but there isa 17.句中出现but转折,前后意思相反,前半句Everything can be done faster and madecheaper(一切都可以做得更快而且花费更少),后半句应填负向单词与faster和cheaper构成反义,选项A. task任务,B. secret 秘密,C. product产品,D. cost代价,故选D。
18. 答案:C. relating to
解题思路:All good targets should have multiple criteria 18 critical factors such astime,money, quality and customer feedback.空格前All good targets should have multiple criteria(所有好的目标都应该有多个标准),空格后critical factors(关键因素),即判断因素和标准之间的关系,而标准和因素为近义词,所以选同义关系的表达,选项A. leading to导致,B. calling for要求,C. relating to关于,D. accounting for解释,只有C能表同义关系,故选C。
19. 答案:A. specify
解题思路:The trick is not only to 19just one or even twodimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better 20 the objective.本句中存在并列结构,not only, but also句型,故19空填入的词应该和but also之后的部分呈现同义逻辑,选项A. specify详细说明,B. predict 预测,C. restore恢复,D. create创造,故选A。
20. 答案:D. achieve
解题思路:The trick is not only to 19just one or even twodimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better 20 the objective.根据句意,这个方法不仅是要说明一个甚至两个维度的目标,而且还要了解如何帮助人们更好地实现这个目标。选项A. modify修改,B. review复习,C. present呈现,D. achieve获得,故选D。
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