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　　三、阅读理解B部分：

　　Part B：

　　Directions:

　　In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)

　　In the movies and on television, artificial intelligence is typically depicted as something sinister that will upend our way of life. When it comes to AI in business, we often hear about it in relation to automation and the impending loss of jobs, but in what ways is AI changing companies and the larger economy that don’t involve doom-and-gloom mass unemployment predictions?

　　A recent survey of manufacturing and service industries from Tata Consultancy Services found that companies currently use AI more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating human activities. One common application? Preventing electronic security breaches, which, rather than eliminating IT jobs, actually makes those personnel more valuable to employers, because they help firms prevent hacking attempts.

　　Here are a few other ways AI is aiding companies without replacing employees:

　　Better hiring practices

　　Companies are using artificial intelligence to remove some of the unconscious bias from hiring decisions. “There are experiments that show that, naturally, the results of interviews are much more biased than what AI does,” says Pédro Domingos, author of The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World and a computer science professor at the University of Washington. In addition, “41.__________________” One company that’s doing this is called Blendoor. It uses analytics to help identify where there may be bias in the hiring process.

　　More effective marketing

　　Some AI software can analyze and optimize marketing email subject lines to increase open rates. One company in the UK, Phrasee, claims their software can outperform humans by up to 10 percent when it comes to email open rates. This can mean millions more in revenue. 42.__________________These are “tools that help people use data, not a replacement for people,” says Patrick H. Winston, a professor of artificial intelligence and computer science at MIT.

　　Saving customers money

　　Energy companies can use AI to help customers reduce their electricity bills, saving them money while helping the environment. Companies can also optimize their own energy use and cut down on the cost of electricity. Insurance companies, meanwhile, can base their premiums on AI models that more accurately access risk. Domingos, says, “43.__________________”

　　Improved accuracy

　　“Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics, which makes data more valuable,” says Winston. It “helps people make smarter decisions.” 44.__________________

　　Protecting and maintaining infrastructure

　　A number of companies, particularly in energy and transportation, use AI image processing technology to inspect infrastructure and prevent equipment failure or leaks before they happen. “If they fail first and then you fix them, it’s very expensive,” says Domingos. 45.__________________

　　[A] I replaces the boring parts of your job. If you’re doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn’t have time for.

　　[B] One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.

　　[C] There are also companies like Acquisio, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like Adwords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.

　　[D] You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’s useful for employees to go to.

　　[E] Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company] money.

　　[F] We’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.

　　[G] AI looks at résumés in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.

　　【参考答案】 G C E B D

　　【解析】

　　41. 空格前一句提到，某书作者表示，有实验表明，面试结果比人工智能更具偏见，即人工智能在面试上更有优势;后一句提到，有一个公司使用分析来帮助识别招聘过程中可能存在的偏见。所以空格处的信息应包括人工智能(AI)，招聘过程(hiring process) ，面试(interview)，偏见(bias)等。G选项“AI looks at résumés in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.”具有AI、简历(résumés)、候选人(candidates)等信息，人工智能比人类查看更多的(greater numbers)简历，并选择更有前途的(more promising)候选人，语义符合，所以是正确选项。

　　42. 空格前一句提到，这意味着更多的收入;后一句提到，某位教授表示，这些工具帮助人们使用数据，而不是代替人们。所以空格处的信息可能包括收入(revenue)，人类(people)，数据(data)，一定包括表示这些工具的复数名词(these are tools…)。C选项 “There are also companies like Acquisio, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like Adwords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results. ”其中提及一些公司(companies)做出的调整或建议(adjustments or suggestions)，能够让广告资金(funds)产生最佳结果，所以是正确选项。

　　43. 空格处是本小节最后一句，故重点关注前一句内容：保险公司(insurance companies)可以基于更准确地获取风险(risk)的人工智能模型(AI models)来制定保费。所以空格处的信息可能包括复数指向性代词(指这些保险公司们)，风险(risk)，准确性(accurately)，保险费(premium)这些信息。E选项“Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company] money.”具有他们(复数指向性代词，代指43题前一句的保险公司们)，高风险(high risk)，保险(insure)，收费(charge，money)等信息，所以E是正确选项。

　　44. 空格前一句提到，它(指前一句的机器学习machine learning)帮助(help)人们做出更明智的决定。本段信息量较少，可以借助段落小标题的帮助，推断出空格处的信息可能包含机器学习(machine learning)，帮助(help)人类，明智(smart)，决定(decision)，改善效率(improved accuracy)等信息。B选项“One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.”具有AI系统，帮助(help)，更准确(more accurate)等信息，所以B是正确选项。

　　45. 空格前一句提到：许多公司在事故发生之前，使用人工智能图像处理技术来检查基础设施，防止设备故障或泄漏。如果它们(指前一句的设施)先故障了，然后再去修复他们，这是非常昂贵的。排除前四题的正确选项后，在45题的备选选项有A、D以及F。A选项“I replaces the boring parts of your job. If you’re doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn’t have time for.”主要提及了用AI技术代替无聊的工作部分(boring parts of your job)，D选项“You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’s useful for employees to go to.”主要提及了预测(predict)需要注意的事情以及哪些地方对员工有用，F选项“We’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.”主要提及了为客户(customer)提供更好的渠道(channels)。空格前提到如果事故发生后再进行维修会非常昂贵，所以推测空格处的信息应该具有“防患于未然”的意思，其中D选项的预测(predict)更符合空格处信息，所以D是正确选项。

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