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　　三、阅读理解B部分：

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　A. Stay calm

　　B. Stay humble

　　C. Don' t make judgments

　　D. Be realistic about the risks

　　E. Decide whether to wait

　　F. Ask permission to disagree

　　G. Identify a shared goal

　　How to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than You

　　Your boss proposes a new initiative you think won' t work. Your senior colleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic. What do you say when you disagree with someone who has more power than you do? How do you decide whether it' s worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here’ s how to disagree with someone more powerful than you.

　　41._________________________.

　　You may decide it' s best to hold off on voicing your opinion. Maybe you haven't finished thinking the problem through, the whole discussion was a surprise to you, or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks. If you think other people are going to disagree too, you might want to gather your army first. People can contribute experience or information to your thinking — all the things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid. It' s also a good idea to delay the conversation if you' re in a meeting or other public space. Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful personnel less threatened.

　　42._________________________.

　　Before you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person cares about — it may be "the credibility of their team or getting a project done on time. You' re more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to a higher purpose. When you do speak up, don' t assume the link will be clear. You'll want to state it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you' re seen not as a disagreeable underling but as a colleague who' s trying to advance a shared goal. The discussion will then become more like a chess game than a boxing match.

　　43._________________________.

　　This step may sound overly deferential, but it' s a smart way to give the powerful person psychological safety and control. You can say something like, "I know we seem to be moving toward a first-quarter commitment here. I have reasons to think that won' t work. I’d like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?" This gives the person a choice, allowing them to verbally opt in. And, assuming they say yes, it will make you feel more confident about voicing your disagreement.

　　44._________________________.

　　You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but do whatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions. When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety, it undercuts the message. It sends a mixed message, and your counterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breaths can help, as can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky we tend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking in an even tone helps the other person calm down and does the same for you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren' t.

　　45._________________________.

　　Emphasize that you' re offering your opinion, not gospel truth. It may be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but it' s still an opinion, my talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence. Instead of saying something like, "If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we'll never make it," say, " This is just my opinion, but I don' t see how we will make that deadline? Having asserted your position (as a position, not as a fact) demonstrate equal curiosity about other views. Remind the person that this is your point of view, and then invite critique. Be open to hearing other opinions.

　　【参考答案】41E 42G 43F 44A 45B

　　【解析】

　　41. E. Decide whether to wait. 决定是否等待。

　　41题下面的段落主要描述了在发表意见前要把握时机，不了解他人的想法就不要发表意见。选项中的关键词是“wait(等待)”，首句“You may decide it' s best to hold off on voicing your opinion”(你可以决定最好不要发表意见)，其中“hold off”是“推迟，拖延”的意思，这与E选项中的关键词“wait”的含义一致。此外，本段倒数第二句“It' s also a good idea to delay the conversation if you' re in a meeting or other public space(如果你在开会或其他公共场所，推迟谈话也是个好主意)”，其中“delay”也与选项关键词“wait”相一致。

　　42. G. Identify a shared goal. 确定一个共同的目标。

　　42题下面的段落主要描述了在发表个人意见前要考虑到共同的目标。选项中的关键词是“shared goal (共同的目标)”，首句“Before you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person cares about(在你分享你的想法之前，想想有权势的人关心什么)”，虽然选项中有单词“share(共有，分享)”与原文“shared(共同的)”有复现，但还需要进一步确定。根据本段倒数第二句“but as a colleague who' s trying to advance a shared goal(而是作为一个试图推进共同目标的同事)”，原文中“shared goal(共同的目标)”与选项G中的“shared goal”出现复现，因此可以确定42题对应G选项。

　　43. F. Ask permission to disagree. 征得同意才能提出不同意见。

　　43题下面的段落主要描述了为了给对方安全感和控制感，在提出不同意见前要征求对方意见。F选项中的关键词为“permission(允许)”，对的段落信息是“I have reasons to think that won' t work. I’d like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK? This gives the person a choice, allowing them to verbally opt in. (我有理由认为这行不通。我想说说我的理由。可以吗?这给了人们一个选择，允许他们口头选择加入)”。其中，“I have reasons to think that won' t work”表示提出不同意见，“Would that be OK?”表示征求同意，与F选项中的“disagree”和“permission”的含义相一致。综上所述，43题对应F选项。

　　44. A. Stay calm. 保持冷静。

　　44题下面的段落主要描述了在发表观点时要保持冷静。选项中的关键词是“calm(冷静，沉着)”，与原文首句“but do whatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions中的“neutral(中立的，无倾向性的)”感情色彩相一致。另外，本段第四句“Deep breaths can help, as can speaking more slowly and deliberately(深呼吸会有帮助，说话也会更慢，更有目的性)”，是“保持冷静”的方法。本段倒数第二句“Simply slowing the pace and talking in an even tone helps the other person calm down and does the same for you”，其中“calm”与A选项中的关键词复现。综上所述，44题对应A选项。

　　45. B. Stay humble. 保持谦虚。

　　45题下面的段落主要描述了在发表观点时要保持谦虚。B选项中的关键词“humble(谦虚的)”，段落首句“Emphasize that you' re offering your opinion, not gospel truth.(强调你只是在陈述你的观点，而不是真理)”，体现出谦虚的态度。另外，段落最后一句“Be open to hearing other opinions(虚心听取别人的意见)”，与B选项中的“humble”含义具有一致性。

　　干扰选项分析：

　　C. Don' t make judgments. 不要做判断。

　　C选项中的关键词“judgments(判断)” C选项主要干扰的是41题，原文中虽然有提到“不要发表意见”，但与“不要做判断”是不一致的。

　　D. Be realistic about the risks. 对风险要实事求是。

　　D选项中的关键词“realistic (现实的)”和“risks (风险)”，原文中没有与“面对风险要现实一点”相关的段落。

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