2021考研初试12月26~27日进行，2021考研初试情况(点击查看》》2021考研初试真题及答案解析专题)，第一时间为考生提供考研真题答案及答案解析内容，同时新东方考研教师将为考生提供视频直播解析。直播入口|考研真题答案专区

　　1. 试题：

　　Text 1

　　How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. This year’s rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lower than last year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation.

　　Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey? Equally, there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North.

　　However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions. However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.

　　The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate. This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain’s railways. Yes, more investment is needed, but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped, unreliable services, punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed, or planned maintenance is managed incompetently. The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.

　　2. 答案详解

　　21. The author holds that this year’s increase in rail passengers fares

　　A. will ease train operation’s burden.

　　B. has kept pace with inflation.

　　C. is a big surprise to commuters.

　　D. remains anunreasonable measure.

　　【答案】D。根据题干的this year’s increase in rail passengers fares定位至段尾句This year’s rise, ..., but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation. but后面的内容强调这种增长仍然远高于(still well above)通胀(inflation)，可以得出作者对票价增长仍然持负面看法，still与remain对应，不合理的措施(unreasonablemeasure)则概括了作者的态度。

　　【干扰项】根据段尾句but后面的内容，票价增长远高于通胀水平，B选项强调与通胀速度保持一致(kept pacewith)，与之相反，故而排除B选项。文章第二句出现了burden这个词，但这里指的是对坐火车上班的人带来了额外的负担，并没有提到缓解负担，并且operator出现在段首句，属于无中生有，故而排除A选项。文章第二句It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual提到票价上涨变成了每年的老规矩，而C选项的内容big surprise与之含义完全相反，故而排除C选项。

　　22. The stockbroker in 2 is used to stand for

　　A. car drivers

　　B. rail travellers

　　C. local investors

　　D. ordinary taxpayers

　　【答案】B。根据题干stockbroker定位到第二段第二句Whyshould a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey?本句提到了car-driving pensioner要补贴(subsidise)stockbroker，段首句刚提到投资和运营铁路的成本应该由使用者承担，而第二句stockbroker前面出现了daily commute of，即每日往返上班的人，也就是铁路的使用者，所以B选项为正确答案。

　　【干扰项】根据题干stockbroker定位到第二段第二句should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey?本句提到了car-driving pensioner要补贴(subsidise)stockbroker，首先根据主语和宾语对象不同，排除与car-driving pensioner同意替换的A选项car drivers;D选项taxpayers出现在第一句结尾，说的是taxpayer不应该承担这些开销，与题干词无关，故而排除。第一句出现了investing in，投资方面的开销，但是并未提到投资人investors，故而排除C选项。

　　23. It is indicated in Paragraph3 that train operators

　　A. are offering compensations to commuters.

　　B. are trying to repair relations with the unions.

　　C. have failed to provide an adequate service.

　　D. have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes.

　　【答案】C。根据题干train operators定位到第三段第二句，上半句提到了铁路运营商在改善铁路网络，but后面的内容是重点，提到了乘客应该获得与他们所付费用相应水平的服务(should be able to expect)，根据这里可推断出乘客还未得到相应服务，故而选C选项。

　　【干扰项】A选项compensation出现在段尾句，should receive compensation，应该获得补偿，根据情态动词可推出目前并未提供补偿，故而A选项是相反选项，排除A选项;B选项unions出现在倒数第二句，提到最近罢工浪潮的责任应该由工会负责，并未提到改善与工会关系，属于无中生有，故而排除B选项;D选项suffer出现在段尾句，指的是受到罢工影响最大的人应到收到补偿，而这里指的是乘客而不是运营商，属于张冠李戴，故而排除D选项。

　　24. If unable to calm down passengers, the railways may have to face

　　A. the loss of investment.

　　B. the collapse of operations.

　　C. a reduction of revenue.

　　D. a change of ownership.

　　【答案】B。

　　25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　A. Who Are to Blame for the Strikes?

　　B. Constant Complaining Doesn't Work

　　C. Can Nationalization Bring Hope?

　　D. Ever-rising Fares Aren't Sustainable

　　【答案】D。全文第一段先是引出了火车运费上涨的问题，后面几段先后讨论了运费上涨对各方造成的影响，以及这一现象不合理的方面、应对这一问题可能会出现的变化。故而答案为D。A选项提到的罢工、B选项提到的抱怨、C选项提到的国有化都是文章某一段局部出现的信息，不能代表全文，故而刨除。

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