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From the early days of broadband, advocates for consumers and web-based companies worried that the cable and phone companies selling broadband connections had the power and incentive to favor affiliated websites over their rivals. That’s why there has been such a strong demand for rules that would prevent broadband providers from picking winners and losers online, preserving the freedom and innovation that have been the lifeblood of the internet.
Yet that demand has been almost impossible to fill—in part because of pushback from broadband providers, anti-regulatory conservatives and the courts. A federal appeals court weighed in again Tuesday, but instead of providing a badly needed resolution, it only prolonged the fight. At issue before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit was the latest take of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on net neutrality, adopted on a party-line vote in 2017. The Republican-penned order not only eliminated the strict net neutrality rules the FCC had adopted when it had a Democratic majority in 2015, but rejected the commission’s authority to require broadband providers to do much of anything. The order also declared that state and local governments couldn’t regulate broadband providers either.
The commission argued that other agencies would protect against anti-competitive behavior, such as a broadband-providing conglomerate like AT&T favoring its own video-streaming service at the expense of Netflix and Apple TV. Yet the FCC also ended the investigations of broadband providers that imposed data caps on their rivals’ streaming services but not their own.
On Tuesday, the appeals court unanimously upheld the 2017 order deregulating broadband providers, citing a Supreme Court ruling from 2005 that upheld a similarly deregulatory move. But Judge Patricia Millett rightly argued in a concurring opinion that “the result is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service,” and said Congress or the Supreme Court could intervene to “avoid trapping Internet regulation in technological anachronism.”
In the meantime, the court threw out the FCC’s attempt to block all state rules on net neutrality, while preserving the commission’s power to preempt individual state laws that undermine its order. That means more battles like the one now going on between the Justice Department and California, which enacted a tough net neutrality law in the wake of the FCC’s abdication.
The endless legal battles and back-and-forth at the FCC cry out for Congress to act. It needs to give the commission explicit authority once and for all to bar broadband providers from meddling in the traffic on their network and to create clear rules protecting openness and innovation online.
36. There has long been concern that broadband providers would
A. bring web-based firms under control.
B. slow down the traffic on their network.
C. show partiality in treating clients.
D. intensify competition with their rivals.
37. Faced with the demand for net neutrality rules, the Fcc
A. Sticks to an out-of-date order.
B. Takes an anti-regulatory stance.
C. Has issued a special resolution.
D. Has allowed the states to intervene.
38. What can be learned about AT&T from Paragraph 3?
A. It protects against unfair competition.
B. It engages in anti-competitive practices.
C. It is under the FCC’s investigation.
D. It is in pursuit of quality service.
39. Judge Patricia Millett argues that the appeals court’s decision
A. focuses on trivialities.
B. conveys an ambiguous message.
C. is at odds with its earlier rulings.
D. is out of touch with reality.
40. What does the author argue in the last paragraph?
A. Congress needs to take action to ensure net neutrality.
B. The FCC should be put under strict supervision.
C. Rules need to be set to diversify online services.
D. Broadband providers’ rights should be protected.
【正确答案】CBBDA
【解析】
36. 本题的题干是There has long been concern that broadband providers would,大意为“长期以来,人们一直担心宽带提供商会…”,定位到第一段第1句From the early days of broadband, advocates for consumers and web-based companies worried that the cable and phone companies selling broadband connections had the power and incentive to favor affiliated websites over their rivals,大意为“从宽带发展初期起,消费者和网络公司的拥护者就担心,销售宽带连接的有线电视和电话公司有能力和动机支持附属网站而不是竞争对手”,说明人们长期以来一直担心宽带的供应商会区别对待顾客,因此正确答案为选项C. show partiality in treating clients,对待客户时表现出偏袒。
37. 本题的题干是Faced with the demand for net neutrality rules, the FCC,大意为“面对网络中立规则的要求,FCC…”,定位到第二段第3句At issue before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit was the latest take of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on net neutrality, adopted on a party-line vote in 2017,大意为“美国哥伦比亚特区巡回上诉法院(U.S.Court of Appeals for the Columbia Circuit)的争议在于,联邦通信委员会(FCC)在2017年的一次政党路线投票中通过了网络中立性的最新看法”,但是纵观四个选项,无法得出正确答案,因此将继续定位到第4、5句The Republican-penned order not only eliminated the strict net neutrality rules the FCC had adopted when it had a Democratic majority in 2015, but rejected the commission’s authority to require broadband providers to do much of anything. The order also declared that state and local governments couldn’t regulate broadband providers either,大意为“这项由共和党起草的命令不仅取消了联邦通信委员会(FCC)在2015年民主党占多数时通过的严格的网络中立规则,还否决了委员会要求宽带提供商做很多事情的权力。该命令还宣布,州和地方政府也不能监管宽带提供商”,说明FCC面对网络中立规则的要求时,不允许州政府和地方政府对宽带供应商实施监管,因此正确答案为选项B. Takes an anti-regulatory stance,采取反监管立场。
38. 本题的题干是What can be learned about AT&T from Paragraph 3,大意为“从第3段可以了解到关于AT&T的什么”,定位到第三段第1句The commission argued that other agencies would protect against anti-competitive behavior, such as a broadband-providing conglomerate like AT&T favoring its own video-streaming service at the expense of Netflix and Apple TV,大意为“该委员会认为,其他机构将保护自己免受反竞争行为的侵害,比如AT&T这样的宽带供应商,以牺牲Netflix和Apple TV为代价,支持自己的视频流媒体服务”,说明AT&T在区别对待顾客,因此正确答案为选项B. It engages in anti-competitive practices,它从事反竞争行为。
39. 本题的题干是Judge Patricia Millett argues that the appeals court’s decision,大意为“帕特丽夏·米利特法官认为上诉法院的决定…”,定位到第四段第2句But Judge Patricia Millett rightly argued in a concurring opinion that “the result is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service,” and said Congress or the Supreme Court could intervene to “avoid trapping Internet regulation in technological anachronism.”,大意为“但帕特里夏·米利特法官在一份赞同的意见中直接辩称,这一结果与现代宽带服务的现实脱节,并表示国会或最高法院可以进行干预,以“避免互联网监管陷入技术时代错误的境地”,因此正确答案为选项D. is out of touch with reality,与现实脱节。
40. 本题的题干是What does the author argue in the last paragraph,大意为“作者在最后一段表达了什么观点”,定位到最后一段第1句The endless legal battles and back-and-forth at the FCC cry out for Congress to act,该句表达了作者的观点,大意为“无休止的法律争论呼吁国会采取行动”,第2句用it指代congress,进一步解释了作者的观点,由此说明作者在最后一段表达的观点是网络中立的相关问题需要国会采取行动,因此正确答案为选项A. Congress needs to take action to ensure net neutrality,国会需要采取行动确保网络中立。
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