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Text 1
How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase torail passenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable annual ritualevery January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposingsignificant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. This years rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lower than last year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index(CPI) measure of inflation.
Successive governments have permitted such increases on thegrounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail networkshould be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey? Equally, there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the north.
However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions.However, there is a strong case that those who have been worstaffected by industrial action should receive compensation for thedisruption they have suffered.
The government has pledged to change the law to introduceminimum service requirement so that even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate. This should form part of a widepackage of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain’s railways. Yes, more investment is needed, but passengers willnot be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endurecramped unreliable services, punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed, or planned maintenance is managed incompetently. The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger ofpassengers is not addressed in short order.
21. The author holds that this year’s increase in rail passenger fares ____
A. remains an unreasonable measure
B. has kept pace with inflation
C. is a big surprise to commuters
D. will ease train operator’s burden
22. The stockbroker in Paragraph 2 is used to stand for ____.
A. car driver
B. local investors
C.rail travellers
D. ordinary taxpayers
23. It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that train operators ____.
A. are offering compensation to commuters
B. are trying to repair relations with the unions
C. have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes
D. have failed to provide an adequate service
24. If unable to calm down passengers, the railway may have to face ____.
A. a reduction of revenue
B. a change of ownership
C. the loss of investment
D. the collapse of operations
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Who Are to Blame For the Strike?
B. Ever-rising Fares Aren’t Sustainable
C.Constant Complaining Doesn’t Work
D. Can Nationalisation Bring Hope
【正确答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. B
【解析】
21.正确答案为A。题目问的是“作者认为,今年铁路客运票价上涨____。”根据关键词“rail passenger fares”定位至文章首段首句,作者提问道,“铁路运营商怎么还能为票价上涨辩护呢?”再根据关键词“this year’s increase”定位至首段尾句,主干部分为“今年的涨幅可能略低于去年,但仍远高于(well above)官方衡量通货膨胀的消费者价格指数。”转折后表明,票价上涨幅度仍然不符合官方标准,能够对应A选项“仍然是不合理的措施”,同时能够排除B选项“与通货膨胀率相匹配(keep pace with)”;C选项“对通勤者来说是个大惊喜”以及D选项“将减轻铁路运营商的负担”属无中生有。
22.正确答案为C。题目问的是“第二段中的stockbroker用来指____。”本题关键词“stockbroker”位于第二段第二句。首句提到“铁路网络的投资和运营成本应该由使用它的人承担,而不是一般纳税者。”第二句举例说明,“为什么一个驾车领取养老金的林肯郡居民必须补贴来自萨里郡的股票经纪人的日常通勤?”其中“stockbroker”对应首句中的“those who use it”,即C选项“铁路旅客”,同时排除D选项“普通一般纳税者”(位于rather than之后,表示否定);A选项“汽车司机”是对“car-driving pensioner”的片面理解;B选项“本地投资者”属无中生有。
23. 正确答案为D。题目问的是“由第三段得知,铁路运营商____。”本题段落信息明显,根据关键词“train operators”定位至第三段第二句,“铁路运营商大肆宣传对铁路网的改善,这是很好的做法,但乘客们应该期待获得基本水平的服务。”转折之后的信息能够对应D选项“未能提供足够的服务”;C选项是针对首句进行干扰,首句提到“这些通勤者也经历了几年来最严重的铁路罢工(rail strike)”,但未提到“因罢工而遭受了巨大的损失”,因此可排除;A选项针对尾句进行干扰,尾句提到“有充分的理由表明,那些在劳工行动中受到最严重影响最的人,应该为所遭受的破坏获得赔偿”,并非指铁路运营商应“向通勤者(commuters)提供赔偿”,对象有误;B选项“试图修复与工会的关系”属于无中生有。
24.正确答案为B。题目问的是“如果无法安抚乘客,铁路行业可能不得不面对____。”因25题为主旨题,所以本题需结合尾端得出答案。根据关键词“calm down passengers”可重点定位至最后一句,“目前国有化(nationalisation)的威胁可能已经消除,但如果乘客的合理愤怒不能在短期内得到解决,国有化的威胁将卷土重来。”转折后信息可对应B选项“所有权的变更”。C选项“投资的损失”是对尾段第三句“需要更多投资”的错误理解,且定位信息有误;A选项“收入的减少”D选项“运营的崩溃”无法找到对应信息。
25. 正确选项为B。本题为主旨题,需要找出最佳标题。原文开头引入铁路票价上涨这一事实,随即提到应该由铁路旅客承担铁路成本、铁路运营商应该如何对此进行改进以及可能产生的后果。因此可确定文章议论的核心对象为票价上涨,而考虑各方利益,这件事情都应当得以改进,可对应B选项“票价不会持续上涨”。A选项“罢工该归咎哪方”及D选项“国有化能带来希望吗”均为原文后半部分提到的信息,无法概括全文;C选项“持续抱怨是无用的”为旅客角度,但不属于文章叙述内容。
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