2011
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.
__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.
Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.
Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.
1. [A] among [B] except [C]despite [D] like
2. [A] reflect [B]demend [C]indicate [D]produce
3. [A] stabilizing [B] boosting [C] impairing [D] determining
4. [A] transmit [B]sustain [C] evaluate [D] observe
5. [A] measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable
6. [A] In turn [B] In fact [C] In addition [D] In brief
7. [A] opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D] expected
8. [A] hardens [B] weakens [C] tightens [D]relaxes
9. [A] aggravate [B] generate [C] morderate [D] enhance
10. [A] physical [B] mental [C] subconscious [D]intermal
11. [A] Except for [B] According to [C] Due to [D] As for
12. [A] with [B] on [C] in [D]at
13. [A] unless [B] until [C] if [D] because
14. [A] exhausts [B] follows [C] precedes [D] supresses
15. [A] into [B]form [C] towards [D] beyond
16. [A] fecth [B] form [C] pick [D] hold
17. [A] disappointed [B] excited [C] joyful [D] indifferent
18. [A] adapted [B] catered [C] turned [D] reacted
19. [A] suggesting [B] requiring [C] mentioning [D] supposing
20. [A] Eventually [B] Consequently [C] Similatly [D] Conversely