一、人称代词
(一)人称代词的主格、宾格
人称代词的主格在句中作主语、表语,宾格作及物动词或介词的宾语,主格和宾格不可混用。
例句: When school was over, Jack and me went home together.
分析: me应改为I,因为它处在主语的位置上。
译文:Jack和我在放学后一起回家。
例句: Each cigarette which a person smokes does some harm, and eventually he may get a serious disease from its effect. (1996年第14题)
分析: 该句是复合句,其中which a person smokes是修饰each cigarette的定语从句,he指代前面的a person。
译文: 一个人吸的每一支烟都对他的身体有害,最终他将因吸烟患上一种严重的疾病。
(二) it的用法
1. 代替除人以外的一切生物或事物(可代替单个词、词组或句子)。
例句: The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played and enjoys it almost as much as the composer at the moment he composes. (2000年第19题)
分析: 该句是复合句,其中he composes是省略了关系代词which/that的定语从句,修饰the moment, 而almost as much as the composer作状语修饰enjoys。
译文: 理想的听众是当音乐奏响时既能置身其中又可超然其外的人,并且几乎可以像作曲家在创作音乐时那样享受音乐。
例句: You have saved my life and I will never forget it.
分析: it指you have saved my life。
译文: 你曾经挽救过我的生命,我决不会忘记这件事。
2. 表示时间、距离、天气等自然现象。
例句: It is time now to tell the Americans they are on the wrong track.
译文: 现在是时候告诉美国人他们走错路了。
例句: She didn't come back until it was 12:00.
译文: 直到12点她才回来。
例句: It is about 50 miles to school.
译文: 到学校大概50英里。