一,阅读理解整体概述:
阅读理解部分的整体难度与2017年相比基本持平,尤其是前两篇文章相对比较简单,相信对考场上的同学来说测试体验相对比较舒适。后两篇文章无论在语法结构还是在涉及话题上都提升了一个难度量级。可能同学们会在个别信息的处理上遇到一些模棱两可的状况。但主要考察点都是日常教学过程中经常提及的内容。另外,在英语二中出现了我们冲刺课堂上反复提及的独句段现象。
二, 阅读理解真题逐题解析
Passage One: 主要讲了自动化的产生,以及对中产阶级的影响, 另外也谈及了政府的应对策略。文章的论述重点并不是机器人与人类这个多工作机会,而是如何适应这样一个自动化的时代。
21. Who will be most threatened by automation? 文章是以一个问句开篇,问题本身有提示主题的功能,同学们在考场上可以有效的利用起来。而且出现了表示前后信息等价的分号(;)本题选项与原文并没有做任何改写,正确答案为D. Middle-class workers.
22. Which of the following best represent the author’s view? 该题的考察重点为转折关系,文章第3自然段but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed…可见作者的态度是积极乐观的。正确选项C. Issues arising from automation need to be tackled. 本题易错是选项D. Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided.但是文章希望传达的概念是:问题是客观存在的,难以避免,不过人类可以采取积极的立场去解决处理。
23. Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on ___. 该题考察文章中一处对比结构:from grammar school to college should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication…所以正确答案为A. creative potential. 难度不大。
24. The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at____. 该题的考察点为因果关系以及情态动词表示作者态度的用法,文章的第六段because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. 从以上逻辑关系不难看出D. preventing the income gap from widening为正确答案。
25. In the text, the author presents a problem with_____. 最后一题根据BPES型文章的逻辑特点以及文章尾句转折处But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable. 可知作者展示了一个可能的解决方案,即B选项:possible solutions to it.
Passage Two: 主要讲了年轻的美国人对于特朗普总统使用社交网络的反感和怀疑,年轻人不再轻信各种消息的来源,进而通过信息比对等方法提升辨别信息真伪的能力。
26. According to the Paragraph 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on _____. 文章首句开宗明义A new study by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. 即我们课堂上讲过的【轻方法,重结论】的行文模式,表达了美国年轻人对特朗普总统使用社交媒体的反感。即D选项所述:(cast doubts on)social media as a reliable source of news. 另外需要提示考生注意的是,文章中几次出现了most Americans等表示大众观点的词,这些表达往往和作者的观点相反,可以通过【小单词有大智慧】来时刻把握作者的态度。
27. The phrase “beef up” (Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to ______. 文章第2自然段用了一个让步结构,介绍虽然人们每天通过社交媒体获得大量的信息,但是越来越多的人已经不再完全相信这些信息。因此人们需要提升自己的媒体素养,即:People may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. 因此正确答案为A. sharpen.
28. According to the knight foundation survey, young people________. 文章第3自然段开篇仍然是【轻方法,重结论】的行文模式,在结论部分They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives. 对应选项B. verify news by referring to diverse resources. 另外提示同学们的是如果这个解题句没看懂,可以依据后文中出现的破折号以及especially这些表示信息强调和注释性质的表达帮助判断,解题。
29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is ______.该题解题句出现在文章的第5自然段,出题老师在三个点位上提示了本题的答案,这三个词分别为“found””say”以及“in other words”。前两处较为明显:found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error” / About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. 因此,正确选项为C. readers’ misinterpretation.
30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? 最佳标题必须凝结全文的中心且符合作者的站位(立场),本文主要讲述了年轻一代的美国人提升识别网络信息真伪以及在线分享信息的现状分析,因此A选项为最佳选项A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online.
Passage Three: 主要讲述了国家健康部门与一家名为DeepMind的AI公司合作,当个人信息通过进入大数据而进行的比对, 因此产生了价值。文章也论及了在没有用户授权的前提下,向其他机构提供了公民信息的不满。
31. What is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind? 该题错误选项多数为“用文章中的只言片语,拼凑了一个面目全非的选项”,第一段的末句提及In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy. 因此正确答案B符合了该段表述It failed to pay due attention to patient’s right. 另外再次需要提示的一点是关于公民隐私问题的话题多次出现在考研阅读文章中,除此篇文章以外2015年Text2也论及科技的发展,在立法层面对保护公民隐私提出了新的挑战。真题总在自我重复。
32. The NHS trust responded to Denham’s verdict with _____. 文章首段末尾提到Elizabeth Denham的谴责但是没有给出NHS的回应,在文章的第二段提到NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinized to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. 因此该题正确答案应为C选项necessary adjustment.
33. The author argues in Paragraph 2 that _____. 该题解题句出现在第2自然段的末尾转折处:But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value. 即D选项所述数据的价值源自于对它们的处理和比对,即the value of data comes from the processing of it.
34. According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is __. 根据定位信息文章的末段,隐私法案虽然在一定成都上限制了大的科技企业利用公众数据,但是文章明确指出该项举措并没有解决根本性的焦虑:It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. 即D选项所述the monopoly of big data by tech giants.
35. The author’s attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is____. 作者态度题,首先把A选项ambiguous和D选项contemptuous排除,这是课上给大家总结的主要的专业陪跑词。在文章末段作者用welcome一次表达了对Ms. Denham的支持,因此作者和Denham态度一致,综合考虑B选项cautious为正确答案。
Passage Four: 主要讲述了USPS(美国邮政系统)在过去的十年内不断的亏损(累计亏顺56亿美元),随后分析了亏损的原因,得出僵化的管理体制和特定利益集团的干预造成了以上结果。
36. The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by____. 文章首段末尾Fundamentally…and a regulatory structure that denies management flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality. 即B选项所述Its rigid management 其僵化的管理系统。
37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to ____.根据题干中的定位信息,锁定文章的第二自然段And interest group…leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization. 即A选项所述the interference from interest group. 此处需要说明的是interest group为特殊利益集团的意思。
38. The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by___. 文章第四段最后一句The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union. 即A选项所述removing its burden pf retiree health care. 也为取反型同义改写的出题套路。
39. In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with_____.根据题干定位信息,在文章的尾段The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.表达了作者对立法者的不满,仅从感情色彩上判断也能确定C选项为正确答案:discontent.
40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? 该题难度较大,特别是在考场上不容易区分选项之间细微的差别。考研的最佳标题仅仅是为了概括文章的中心,没有吸引读者注意的功能,因此过于文艺,过于耸动的标题,成功率不高。因此A]选项The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days. 以及B选项The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese排除。剩余两个选项的差别在于USPS目前所处的困境能否有一个快速的解决方法(Quick Cure & Band-Aid),文章的结尾处暗示并非解决方案能一蹴而就,因此D选项The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-Aid为最佳选项!!
另外,英语一的新题型今年出现了难度较高的排序题。其间所运用的排序原则正是我们2017年新题型排序中所运用的时间排列原则。新东方长期以来的成功就是真题研究的成功。我们在此也提醒2019年备战考研的同学们尽早准备,夯实基础。
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