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To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Gal Newport, anther of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Districted world, recommends building a habit of “deep work”,—the ability to focus without distraction.
There are a number of approaches to mastering the mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats, dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.
Newport also recommends “ deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more down in less time. At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like, I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting he writes.
Another approach to getting more down in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day -in particular how we craft our to - do lists. Tim Harvord, author of Messy. The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s, that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and golds in much time detail day by day.
While the researchers assumed that the well- structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Hartford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to- do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.
In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “ be lazy.”
“ Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body…[ idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done, ”he argues.
Sriri Pillay an assistant of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter - intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.
“What people don't realize is that, in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”, says Pillay.
36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to____.
A. keep to your focus time
B. list your immediate tasks
C. make specific daily plans
D. seize every minute to work
试题类型:具体信息题
解题思路:根据题干关键词the key和the art of deep work定位到第二段最后一句the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it(关键是确定你的专注时长并坚持),因此正确答案为A。
干扰排除:B选项list your immediate tasks(列出你马上要完成的任务)、C选项make specific daily plans(做出具体的每日计划)和D选项seize every minute to work(抓住每分每秒去工作)定位句未提到,故排除。
37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that____.
A. distractions may actually increase efficiency
B. daily schedules are indispensable to studying
C. students are hardly motivated by monthly goals
D. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected
试题类型:具体信息题
解题思路:根据题干关键词1980s和Harvard定位到第四段第二句。但题目问的是研究结果,因此我们应该往后找研究结论句,即下一段才开始引出实验结论。该段第一句双引号后内容指出,详细的计划反而会让学生失去学习的动力。故正确答案为D.
干扰排除:第五段第二句明确指出分心会降低效率,A选项distractions may actually increase efficiency(分心实际上可能提高效率)与原文相反,故排除;第五段第一句已经指出,日计划并不是最有效的,做月计划的反而更有动力,因此B选项daily schedules are indispensable to studying(每日规划对学习必不可少)以及C选项students are hardly motivated by monthly goals(学生几乎不能从月目标中获得动力)与原文相反,故排除。
38. According to Newport, idleness is ____.
A. a desirable mental state for busy people
B. a major contributor to physical health
C. an effective way to save time and energy
D. an essential factor in accomplishing any work.
试题类型:具体信息题
解题思路:根据题干关键词Newport和idleness定位到第七段。该段最后一句指出idleness对完成工作是必须的,故正确答案为D.
干扰排除:A选项a desirable mental state for busy people(对忙碌的人来说是一种令人渴求的精神状态)、B选项a major contributor to physical health(身体健康的主要因素)以及C选项an effective way to save time and energy(节省时间和经历的有效方法)定位句均未提及,故排除。
39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused______.
A. can result in .Psychological will-being
B. can bring about greater efficiency
C. is aimed at a better balance in work
D. is driven by task urgency
试题类型:具体信息题
解题思路:根据题干关键词Pillay以及our brains’ shift being focused and unfocused定位到第八段最后一句。该句指出,当大脑在集中和分散注意力之间转换时,它们更加有效率,因此正确答案是B.
干扰排除:其他选项定位句未提及,直接排除。
40. This text is mainly about______.
A. ways to relieve the tension of busy life
B. approaches to getting more done in less time
C. the key to eliminating distractions
D. the cause of the lack of focus time
试题类型:主旨要义题
解题思路:把每段的第一句串线可知,本文就是围绕如何集中注意力,如何提高工作效率展开的,并提出了多种方法,第二段第一句直接给出了多种方式,后面几段引用了多位学者进一步提出具体的方法,故正确答案为B.
干扰排除:A选项未提及,排除;B和C选项均为本文的部分段落的内容,不够全面,故排除。