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评述：今年的翻译难度中等,原文选自William Allan Neilson的著作 The Facts about Shakespeare,出题人对原文略有改动。本文考察伊丽莎白时代欧洲文学戏剧的发展。长难句翻译依旧遵照切分-重组-整合翻译法：先找主干，理解句子大意，再分析修饰成分，尤其是定语的翻译。其他成分顺着翻，最后再整理顺序和增减词汇。接着再对从句进行分析，本次翻译仍然重点考察定语从句和状语从句。
(46)By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.
解析：主干: Europe was witnessing the passing and the creation; by the…birth做时间状语;and并列drama和creation一起修饰passing; under…comedy介词短语作状语;
翻译：在他出生之时，欧洲的宗教戏剧正在衰落，在古典悲剧和喜剧的冲击之下，产生了各种新形式的喜剧。
(47) and no boy who went to grammar school could be ignorant that the drama is a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to the England.
解析：主干: no boy could be ignorant;本句考察定语从句,若定从太长,可考虑重复先行词，分开翻译;ignorant无知的、愚昧的;
翻译：上过文法学校的男孩不可能会不知道戏剧是文学的一种形式,这种形式曾经为希腊和罗马带来荣耀，也可能将会给英格兰带来荣耀。
(48)But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.
解析：主干: But the professional companies prospered…, and university men were quick to turn to these theaters companies在这里不是公司或陪伴的意思，结合上下文，应该是剧团的意思; with…ambitions介词短语做定语修饰men;turn to是求助于、投靠于; livelihood 生计;
翻译：但是专业剧团在其常驻剧院盛极一时，就连当时有文学抱负的大学人士也很快投靠到这些剧院，以维持自己的生计。
(49) a native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouse established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.
解析：本句为and引导的并列句;考察被动语态;
翻译：本土文学戏剧就这样成型了，与公共剧场紧密联系在一起，至少一些伟大的传统也诞生了。
(50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work had survived.
解析：主干we must remember that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note;本句and并列两个宾语从句; to do不定式做状语;考察宾语从句、定语从句;
翻译：要认识到戏剧的伟大之处，我们必须牢记：许多戏剧作品已经消失殆尽，或许大家之作也很难得以完整保存下来。
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