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Text 1
21. Who will be most threatened by automation?
【D】 Middle-class workers
【解析】细节题。难度低。
出题位置为第一段首句“the annoying challenge facing the middle class is one that...for their jobs”可以得知相对于低收入者和富人,中产阶级Middle-class workers受到的冲击最大。
22 .Which of the following best represent the author’s view?
【C】Issues arising from automation need to be tackled
【解析】which one is true 题型,难度中高,需要将选项与原文逐一比对。
根据第一题的出题位置(1,2段)和第三题出题位置(第4段),本题出题区域可定位到第三段。根据“首末句出题原则”,第三段首句“this isn’t to be alarmist”和末句“But ... middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting”,强调了作者的观点,即中产阶级工人需要很多帮助来调整应对问题。
23. Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on
【A】A creative potential
【解析】细节题。难度中。
这里需要注意,我们在课上讲过,education 和training的区别(本段后半部分的vocational school 其实是training 而非education)
出题位置为第四段第二句“Curriculums—from grammar school to college—should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication”。由该句可知,课程应该更关注创造性和复杂的沟通而非记忆事实。所以,应该选C选项creative potential(创造潜能),同义替换为creativity。
24. The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at
【D】preventing the income gap from widening
【解析】细节题。难度中
该题考查作者的观点,根据题干中的关键词tax policies可定位到第六段。根据“首末句出题原则”:第一句“Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought”。和最后一句“This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality”可知,由于自动化加大了资本收入和劳动力收入的差距,所以税收政策应该避免收入差距扩大,选D选项preventing the income gap from widening。
25. In this text, the author presents a problem with
【B】possible solutions to it
【解析】可以算是一种比较新颖的主旨题。难度中。
主旨题的解题方法为串线法,将各段首末句主要内容串接起来。文章第一、二段提出问题“中产阶级受自动化危害最大”,第三段的末尾句提出中产阶级需要帮助去适应自动化的发展,接下来第四段至第六段介绍解决方法,最后一段表明作者观点“But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.”。所以应该选B 选项possible solutions to it(解决问题的相应方法)。
Text 2
26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on
【D】social media as a reliable source of news
【解析】细节题,难度中。
出题位置为第1段最后一句话:Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other sources, not a president’s social media platform。“千禧一代喜欢白宫直接发布的消息…而不是总统社交媒体发布的信息”,说明他们不太信任社交媒体,也就是题干cast doubts on 的内容,选择D。
27. The phrase “beef up” (Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to
【A】sharpen
【解析】语义题。难度中高。
根据题目定位到第2段第2句:Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills。逗号前提到“人们对于所有媒体的不信任增加”,可以推知人们应该开始增强其媒体素养的技能。A 选项 sharpen 和 C 选项 boast 都有“提升”的意思。但是Boast一般是指能力的提升,sharpen skills是技巧的磨练和提升。
28. According to the Knight Foundation survey, young people
【B】verify news by referring to diverse sources.
【解析】细节题。难度中低。
根据题干Knight Foundation定位至第三段。出题位置为They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias.”, 这里的“cross check sources”和“prefer news from different perspectives”,都是和多重角度验证信息真伪相关的。故答案为B
29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is
【C】readers’misinterpretation
【解析】细节题。难度中。
根据题干Barna survey定位至第五段第三句found之后a main reason对应the top reason,而原文剩余信息为“reader error”, 替换为misinterpretation, 故答案为C readers’ misinterpretation。若本句不清晰,下句进一步说明答案的内容,文中misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news进一步印证C为正确答案。
30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
【A】A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online
【解析】全文主旨题。难度中高,因为有较强干扰项B。
主旨题的解题方式为串线法。首段以年轻人不相信川普推特的内容作为引入,二段转折之后说道:“Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills”. “随着对于所有媒体不信任的上升,人们开始增强其媒体素养的技能”。随后的第3,4,5段都是在分析年轻人不相信社交媒体的原因以及解决方法。最后一段重申主题,so之后讲道“so when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills-and in their choices on when to share on social media.” 更进一步说明和人们批判性看待社交媒体上的新闻相关。
故答案为A。